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Pato Exam 2 > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Anxiety Disorder

A

Anxiety is an emotional state commonly caused by the perception of real or perceived danger that threatens the safety of an individual.

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2
Q

Anxiety Disorder Epidemiology

A

-4% prevalence
-Majority don’t receive treatment
-Women
-Usually before the age of 30

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3
Q

Anxiety Disorder Etiology

A

Vulnerability
-Genetic predispositions
-Neurobiological
adaptations of the
central nervous system
-Childhood adversity
Stress
-Occupational
-Traumatic experience

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4
Q

Anxiety Neurotransmitters

A

-Neropinephrine
-Serotonin
-Corticotrophin-releasing factor (Precursor de cortisol)
-GABA
-Dopamine
-Cholecystokinin (Induce panic)

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5
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A

Hallmarks are excessive, persistent, and unreasonable worries about everyday things

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6
Q

GAD Epidemiology

A

-Female
-Age 30-59
-Developed Countries
-European Decent

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7
Q

GAD Noradrenergic Model (Norepinephrine)

A

The Locus ceruleus serves as an alarm center, releasing high NE and stimulating the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flights response).
-High NE lead to downregulates α2-adrenoreceptors

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8
Q

GAD Serotonin Model

A

High cortisol levels increase SERT (reuptake of 5-HT). Low serotonin in the synaptic cleft.

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9
Q

GAD GABA Receptor Model

A

There is low levels of GABA neurotransmitter, less efficient GABA-A receptors, or both (GABA produce relajacion y sueño)

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10
Q

GAD Clinical Presentation

A

Psychological and Cognitive Symptoms
-Excessive Anxiety
-Tener los nervios de punta
Physical Symptoms
-Restlessness
-Fatigue

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11
Q

GAD Diagnostic

A

Excessive anxiety and worry for at least 6 months
Present three or more of the following:
-Restlessness
-Fatigue easily
-Difficulty concentrating
-Irritability
-Muscle tension
-Sleep disturbance
Not attributed to other medical condition or medication

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12
Q

GAD Complications

A

-Depression and increased risk of suicide
-Cardiovascular-related mortality
-Substance Abuse

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13
Q

Panic Disorder (PD)

A

Consists of a series of unexpected (spontaneous) panic attacks involving an abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort.

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14
Q

PD prevalence

A

-Women
-Hispanics and American Indian
-Age of 30-40

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15
Q

PD Complications

A

-Agoraphobia is the hallmark complication. (Cambio maladaptivo)
-Depression and Suicide attempt

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16
Q

PD Pathophysiology

A

-Panicogens alter the brain pH balance in panic-prone individuals.
-Decreased GABA concentration
-Decreased Serotonin concentration
Higher NE than in GAD

17
Q

PD Clinical Presentation

A

Psychological Symptoms
-Fear of Dying or losing control
-Depersonalization or Derealization
Physical Symptoms
-Chills
-Trembling
-Nausea and Dizziness
-Palpitations
-SOB

18
Q

PD Diagnostic

A

-4 or more of the clinical presentation
-One or more months patients experience Agoraphobia, concern on experience other panic attacks and anxiety.
-Not attributed to medical condition or medication.

19
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

Exposure to terrifying or lifethreatening trauma may induce PTSD.

20
Q

PTSD Prevalence

A

-Male (Especially for rape)
-Accidents is the second most common cause to cause PTSD

21
Q

PTSD Pathophysiology

A

Intrusive and Hyperarousal Symptoms
-Amygdala sobre actividad y no
disminuye por la corteza prefrontal
-El hippocampus recuerda eventos
traumáticos activando síntomas
intrusivos.

22
Q

PTSD Clinical Presentation

A

-Intrusion Symptoms
-Avoidance Symptoms (Deficiency of serotonin)
-Persistent Negative alterations in thinking and mood
-Hyperarousal symptoms

23
Q

PTSD Diagnostic

A

-Directly experiencing a traumatic event
-Witnessing, in person, the events as it occurred to others
-The disturbance las more than 1 month.
- ≥ 1 Intrusion Symptoms
- ≥ 1 Avoidance Symptoms
- ≥ 2 Negative Alterations in Thinking and Mood
- ≥ 2 Hyperarousal Symptoms

24
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

A chronic, disabling illness characterized by the two core symptoms; Obsessions and Compulsions

25
Q

OCD prevalence

A

-Female
-More common in male during childhood vs female in adulthood

26
Q

OCD Cortico-Striatal-Thalamic-Cortical Circuit (CSTC)

A

Direct Pathway
-Al inhibir la sustancia nigra y Globus
Palidus, activa el tálamo que
contribuye a las compulsiones
Indirect Pathway
-Al inhibir el Globus Palidus externo,
no se puede desactivar el tálamo y
reprime el comportamiento no
deseado contribuyendo a las
obsesiones.

27
Q

OCD Clinical Presentation

A

Obsessions
-Repetitive Thoughts
-Repetitive Images
-Repetitive Urges
Compulsions
-Repetitive Activities
-Repetitive Mental Acts

28
Q

OCD Diagnostic

A

-Presence of Obsession, Compulsion or both
-Symptoms consumes more than one hour daily
-Not attributed to medical conditions or drugs

Pato Exam 2 (11 decks)

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