Anxiety and Stress Flashcards
what is the stress response for?
1) assess danger
2) organise and appropriate response
what part of the brain acts as an ‘emotional filter’ deciding what requires a stress/fear response?
amygdala
where is cortisol released?
adrenal gland
acute stress leads to a dose depnedant increase in what?
catecholamines and cortisol
an anxiety diorder is classified as what?
anxiety in situations that are not ‘normally’ anxiety provoking causign significant distress and impairment of scoial function
diagnose the anxiety disorder: generalised and persistent but not predominating in any particular environment or situation ‘free-floating’
Generalsied Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
what are some key features of GAD?
most days at least 6 months
not controllable
typical onset 20-40
90% co-morbid w other psychiatric disorders i.e depression
what is the treatment of GAD?
CBT
SSRI’s/SNRI’s
pregabalin
benzodiazepines- short term only*
diagnose the following anxiety disorder: recurrent attacks of severe anxiety not restricted to any particular situation and are therfore unpredictable
panic disorder
what are some features of panic disorder?
chronic- waxing and waning
comorbid with other anxieties, depression, drug/alcohol misuse
50-60% also have agoraphobia
what is agroaphobia?
anxiety disorder in which you fear and avoid places or situations that might cause you to panic/feel trapped, helpless or embarassed
how do you treat panic disorder?
CBT
SSRI’s/SNRI’s/Tricyclics
Benzos- short term only*
define soical phobia
persistent fear of one or more social situations exposed to unfamiliar people or possible scrutiny from others
fear they will show symtpoms that will be embarassing
define specific phobia
marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable cued by presence or anticipation of specific object or situation
exposure results in anxiety response/ panic attack
what is the treatment for phobias?
CBT
SSRI’s
Behavioural therapy (specific phobia)
Benzos- short term only*
what is a schema?
persons thought pattern
how long must symtpkms be present for to diagnose OCD?
most days fro at least 2 weeks AND be sourse of distress causing interfernce with activities
what is the peak incidence of OCD?
13-15 in males
24-25 in females
60-90% of people with OCD will experience at least 1 major depressive epsiode true/flase
true
what is the treatment for OCD?
CBT
repsonse prevention
SSRI’s/ clomipramine
how can traumatuc events be differnentiated?
intentional vs unintentional
human made vs natural
disasters can be classified into what? (2)
centrifugal (together only at time of disaster)
centripetal (existing community struck by hurricane)
trauma can be categorised as type 1 and type 2 what are they?
Type 1: single incident trauma, unexpected
Type 2: complex trauma (repetitive, ongoing)
define major incident?
any situation assoc w multipile casualities and damage to property due to natural/unatural causes
what phrase should be used in place of attmepted suicide?
deliberate self-harm
who has a higher rate of suicide and self harm?
men- suicide
women- self harm
suicide rates are higher in which areas?
urban areas compared to rural
explain seasonal suicide rates?
spring peak and autumn trough
are married people more or less likely to commit suicide?
less
lithium or soidum valporate has the least risk of suicide of a mood stabiliser?
lithium
what are some functional symtpoms?
pain
dizziness
wekaness
what is the difference between dissociation and depersonilisation?
dissociation: detachment of reality (e.g. driving car and not remembering hwo you got there, autopilot)
depersoniliastion: feeling that your body doesn’t belong you
how long must symtpoms be present before a diagnosis of PTSD can be made?
at least 1 month
