Antivirals Flashcards
What are the oral agents used for HSV and VZV?
acyclovir
valacyclovir
famciclovir
What are the topical agents used for HSV and VZV?
acyclovir
docosanol
penciclovir
What is the ophthalmic agent used for HSV and VZV?
trifluridine
MOA of acyclovir
inhibition of viral synthesis
thymidine kinase
competes w/deoxyguanosine triphosphate
What drug is a guanosine analog?
acyclovir
What is the DOC for visceral, disseminated or CNS infx of herpes?
acyclovir
b.c it can go to stomach
What are the AE of acyclovir?
GI symptoms
HA
What drug is a cyclic guanine analog?
famciclovir
What is an AE of famciclovir?
elevated LFTs
What are the mechanisms of resistance for acyclovir?
reduction/absence/alteration of TK
alterations of DNA polymerase
With what two drugs does acyclovir have cross resistance?
famciclovir
valacyclovir
What are penciclovir and docosanol used to treat?
orolabial herpes
What drug is used to treat orolabial herpes?
penciclovir
docosanol
What class of drug is ganciclovir?
anti CMV agent
What class of drug is valganciclovir?
anti CMV agent
What class of drug is foscarnet?
anti CMV agent
What class of drug is cidofovir?
anti CMV agent
MOA of ganciclovir
competes w/deoxyguanosine triphosphate
interupts formation of DNA
Which anti CMV drug is available in oral, IV and intraocular formulations?
ganciclovir
Which anti CMV drug is also active against the human herpesvirus 6?
ganciclovir
What is the MC AE of ganciclovir?
reversible pancytopenia
Which of the anti CMV agents does NOT require thymine kinase?
foscarnet
In a pt w/acyclovir resistance, what other drug can you treat them with? Why?
foscarnet b/c it doesnt require TK
What is the MC AE of foscarnet?
renal dysfunction
MOA of cidofovir
incorporation into viral DNA chain resulting in reduction of the rate of viral DNA synthesis
Which anti CMV drug is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate derivative?
cidofovir
Which anti CMV drug also has activity against papilloma virus, polyomavirus, poxvirus and adenovirus?
cidofovir
What is a major AE of cidofovir?
renal dysfunction (like foscarnet)
What must be given when administering cidofovir?
adequate hydration
probenecid
What anti CMV drug must be given w/probenecid?
cidofovir
What is probenecid usually used to treat?
gout
Which requires a longer duration of treatment, CMV or herpes virus?
CMV
What are the drugs used to treat hep B
interferon alfa peginterferon entecavir adefovir telbivudine lamivudine/emtricitabine tenofovir
What type of drug induces enzyme activities that promote an antiviral state?
interferons
Are interferons virucidal or virustatic?
neither
What is interferon alfa primarily used to treat?
HBV
How is hep B MC transmitted?
sexually
How is hep B MC transmitted?
IVDU
infusions
What drug in high doses has been shown to be effective against kaposi’s?
interferon alfa
What drug has been used to treat SARS coronavirus?
interferon alfa
Interferon alfa is good at preventing respiratory viruses with the exception of what virus?
adenovirus
What class of drug is adefovir dipivoxil?
antiviral
With what can you treat HBV that is resistant to lamivudine and entecavir?
adefovir dipivoxil
What drugs are used to treat hep C?
ribavirin pegylated interferon (also hep b)
What is ribavirin often used to treat?
hep C
What drug is a purine nucleoside analog?
ribavirin
In what forms is ribavirin available?
orally
inhalation
Which drug may also be effective against hemorrhagic fever, lassa fever and hantaan virus?
ribavirin
What is the major AE of ribavirin?
hemolytic anemia
What are the drugs used to treat influenzae?
oseltamivir
zanamivir
amantadine
rimatadine
What is oseltamivir often used to treat?
influenzae
What is zanamivir often used to treat?
influenzae
What is amantadine often used to treat?
influenzae
What is rimantadine often used to treat?
influenzae
In what form is zanamivir often given?
inhalation
What is the spectrum of zanamivir?
avian influenza and H5N1 (plus the other flus)
What is the MOA of amantadine and rimantadine?
prevents release of viral nucleic acid into host cell
What drugs are used to treat papillomavirus?
imiquimod podofilox trichloroacetic acid podophyllin cryotherapy
What is trichloroacetic acid often used to treat?
papillomavirus
What is the gold standard for the treatment of papillomavirus?
imiquimod
Which drug is AKA podophyllotoxin?
podofilox
Which anti papillomavirus drug is a keratolytic agent?
trichloroacetic acid
Which anti papillomavirus drug is available in a powder form?
trichloroacetic acid
