Antimycobacterials Flashcards
MOA of isoniazid
inhibits mycolic acid
Where is isoniazid metabolized?
liver
Where is isoniazid excreted?
urine
Isoniazid is metabolized in the liver by what?
acetylation
What can you give with isoniazid to prevent neuropathy?
pyridoxine (b 6)
What is the major AE of isoniazid?
peripheral neuritis
Where is rifampin excreted?
through liver into bile
What drug can be used as prophylaxis in contacts of children with H. influenzae B?
rifampin
What is the major AE of rifampin?
red color secretions
MOA of ethambutol
inhibits arabinosyl transferase
What is the major AE of ethambutol?
color blindness
hyperuricemia
What is the active form of pyrazinamide?
pyrazinoic acid
What drug can be combined with ciprofloxacin in the prophylaxis treatment of TB?
pyrazinamide
What is the major AE of pyrazinamide?
hepatotoxic
hyperuricemia
What are the clinical indications of streptomycin?
life threatening forms of TB
MOA of ethionamide
inhibits mycolic acid
What two drugs act by inhibiting the formation of mycolic acid?
ethionamide
isoniazid
Cycloserine in contraindicated in what type of patient?
epileptics
What drug is commonly used as an alternative to streptomycin?
amikacin
Is there cross resistance between streptomycin and amikacin?
no
What are ciprofloxacin and levofloaxcin typically used for?
the treatment of typical and atypical myobacteria
MOA of aminosalicylic acid (PAS)
folate synthesis inhibitor
MOA of dapsone
folate synthesis inhibitor
What two drugs are folate synthesis inhibitors?
dapsone
aminosalicylic acid
Dapsone can be combined with rifampin and clofazimine for the treatment of what disease?
lepromatous leprosy
What are the major AE of dapsone?
hemolytic anemia
methemoglobinemia
erythema nodosum
What drug is a phenazine dye?
clofazimine
What drug can be used for the treatment of chronic skin ulcers caused by M. ulcerans?
clofazimine
What is the major AE of clofazimine?
skin discoloration
eosinophilic enteritis
