Antiviral agents Flashcards
Name some acute viral infections
Influenza, measles, mumps, Hepatitis A
Name some chronic latent viral infections
herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus
Name some persistent chronic viral infections
HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C
What are the 3 main components of viruses?
Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) Protein (coat - structural, enzymes-non-structural) \+/- Lipid envelope
How does a virus replicate?
- Virus attachment to cell (via receptor)
- Cell Entry
- Virus Uncoating
- Early proteins produced – viral enzymes
- Replication
- Late transcription/translation – viral structural proteins
- Virus assembly
- Virus release
What does AZT stand for?
azidothymidine
What is AZT?
It is a Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)
What are the 2 categories of NRTIs?
Pyrimidine analogues
Purine analogues
Name 2 purine analogue NRTIs
abacavir
tenofovir
Name a thymidine analogie NRTI
Zidovudine
Name a cytosine analogue NRTI
Lamivudine
What is HBV?
the Hepatitis B virus
Which NRTIs also act against HBV?
Lamividine
Tenofovir
What is a NNRTI?
Non-nucleotide reverse transcription inhibitor
Give 2 examples of NNRTIs
Efavirenz
Nevirapine
What does PI stand for?
Protease inhibitor
What are some PIs?
Atazanavir Darunavir Fospamprenavir Lopinavir Nelfinavir Ritonavir* Saquinavir
Give 3 types of newer HIV drugs
Fusion inhibitor
Integrase Inhibitors
Chemokine receptor antagonists
Name an example of a fusion inhibitor
Enfuviritide
Name an example of an integrase inhibitor
Raltegravir
Name an example of a chemokine receptor antagonist
Maraviroc
What does HAART stand for?
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
What does HAART consist oF?
2 NRTIs + NNRTI
2 NRTIs + boosted PI
When is HAART started?
When CD4 falls
What is the aim of HAART?
to switch off virus replication
What are 5 important common antivirals?
Aciclovir
Ganciclovir
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Oseltamivir and Zanamavir
Ribavirin
Interferons
