Antiviral agents

Question 1

Name some acute viral infections

Answer 1

Influenza, measles, mumps, Hepatitis A

Question 2

Name some chronic latent viral infections

Answer 2

herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus

Question 3

Name some persistent chronic viral infections

Answer 3

HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C

Question 4

What are the 3 main components of viruses?

Answer 4

Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
Protein (coat - structural, enzymes-non-structural)
\+/- Lipid envelope

Question 5

How does a virus replicate?

Answer 5

1. Virus attachment to cell (via receptor)
2. Cell Entry
3. Virus Uncoating
4. Early proteins produced – viral enzymes
5. Replication
6. Late transcription/translation – viral structural proteins
7. Virus assembly
8. Virus release

Question 6

What does AZT stand for?

Answer 6

azidothymidine

Question 7

What is AZT?

Answer 7

It is a Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)

Question 8

What are the 2 categories of NRTIs?

Answer 8

Pyrimidine analogues

Purine analogues

Question 9

Name 2 purine analogue NRTIs

Answer 9

abacavir

tenofovir

Question 10

Name a thymidine analogie NRTI

Answer 10

Zidovudine

Question 11

Name a cytosine analogue NRTI

Answer 11

Lamivudine

Question 12

What is HBV?

Answer 12

the Hepatitis B virus

Question 13

Which NRTIs also act against HBV?

Answer 13

Lamividine

Tenofovir

Question 14

What is a NNRTI?

Answer 14

Non-nucleotide reverse transcription inhibitor

Question 15

Give 2 examples of NNRTIs

Answer 15

Efavirenz

Nevirapine

Question 16

What does PI stand for?

Answer 16

Protease inhibitor

Question 17

What are some PIs?

Answer 17

Atazanavir
Darunavir
Fospamprenavir
Lopinavir
Nelfinavir
Ritonavir*
Saquinavir

Question 18

Give 3 types of newer HIV drugs

Answer 18

Fusion inhibitor

Integrase Inhibitors

Chemokine receptor antagonists

Question 19

Name an example of a fusion inhibitor

Answer 19

Enfuviritide

Question 20

Name an example of an integrase inhibitor

Answer 20

Raltegravir

Question 21

Name an example of a chemokine receptor antagonist

Answer 21

Maraviroc

Question 22

What does HAART stand for?

Answer 22

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Question 23

What does HAART consist oF?

Answer 23

2 NRTIs + NNRTI

2 NRTIs + boosted PI

Question 24

When is HAART started?

Answer 24

When CD4 falls

Question 25

What is the aim of HAART?

Answer 25

to switch off virus replication

Question 26

What are 5 important common antivirals?

Answer 26

Aciclovir

Ganciclovir

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Oseltamivir and Zanamavir

Ribavirin

Interferons