Antitubercular Agents Flashcards
What is tuberculosis caused by?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What do antitubercular agents treat?
All forms of mycobacterium
What is the primary site of mycobacterium infections?
Lungs
Common sites for mycobacterium infections?
- lungs
- brain
- bone
- liver
- kidney
Tubercle bacilli are conveyed by?
Droplets
Droplets are expelled by?
Sneezing and coughing
What are the two major symptoms of pulmonary Tuberculosis?
- Coughing up blood
- Night sweats
Most frequently used Antitubercular Agent
isoniazid (INH)
Administer this drug if patient is allergic to isoniazid
rifampin
MOAs for Antitubercular Agents
- Protein wall synthesis inhibitors streptomycin, kanamycin, capreomycin, rifampin, rifabutin
- Cell wall synthesis inhibitors cycloserine, ethionamide, isoniazid
MOA for isoniazid (INH)
- Drug of choice for TB
- Resistant strains of mycobacterium emerging
- Metabolized in the liver through acetylation—watch for “slow acetylators”
SE of isoniazid (INH)
- Peripheral neuritis
- Hepatotoxicity
SE of ethambutol
- Retrobulbar neuritis
- Blindness
SE of Rifampin
- Hepatitis
- Discoloration of urine, stools
What test should you perform on patients who are to receive isoniazid or rifampin (especially in elderly patients or those who use alcohol daily)
Liver function tests (LVT)
