Antiseizure/Antianxiety/Antiparkinson Flashcards
diazepam Valium
lorazepam Ativan
ACTION
Changes GABA action
diazepam Valium
lorazepam Ativan
USE
Short term seizure control
Antianxiety
diazepam Valium
lorazepam Ativan
ADVERSE EFFECTS
Drowsiness
Dizziness
diazepam Valium
lorazepam Ativan
Nx Implication/Teaching
Tolerance may develop quickly
If OD, give Romazicon
phenytoin Dilantin class
Hydantoin
phenytoin Dilantin
ACTION
To desensitize sodium channels
phenytoin Dilantin
USE
All types of epilepsy except absence seizures
phenytoin Dilantin
ADVERSE EFFECTS
CNS depression Gingival hyperplasia Skin rash Cardiac dysrhythmias Hypotension
phenytoin Dilantin
Nx IMPLICATION/TEACHING
Maintain oral hygiene
phenobarbital Luminal
CLASS
Barbiturate
phenobarbital Luminal
ACTION
Changes the action of GABA
phenobarbital Luminal
USE
Controlling seizures
phenobarbital Luminal
ADVERSE EFFECTS
Dependence
Drowsiness
Vitamin deficiencies
Laryngospasm
phenobarbital Luminal
Nx IMPLICATION/TEACHING
Use reliable form of contraception
Report excessive signs of bleeding
Report drowsiness and bone pain
valproic acid Depakene
CLASS
Phenytoin-like
valproic acid Depakene
ACTION
Desensitize sodium channels
valproic acid Depakene
ADVERSE EFFECTS
Limited CNS depression Visual disturbances Ataxia Vertigo Headache GI effects Hepatotoxicity Pancreatitis
valproic acid Depakene
Nx IMPLICATION/TEACHING
Avoid alcohol, OTC, herbs, nicotine
Avoid driving
Take with food
Rebound seizures if discontinued abruptly
levodopa Larodopacarbidopa Sinement
CLASS
Dopaminergic agent
levodopa Larodopacarbidopa Sinement
ACTION
Increases biosynthesis of dopamine within nerve terminals
levodopa Larodopacarbidopa Sinement
USE
Restore dopamine function
Stimulate dopamine receptors within the brain
Antiparkinson
levodopa Larodopacarbidopa Sinement
ADVERSE EFFECTS
Dizziness Lightheadedness Fatigue Sleep dysfunction N/V Constipation Orthostatic hypotension Dystonia Dyskinesia
levodopa Larodopacarbidopa Sinement
Nx IMPLICATIONS/TEACHING
Increase fiber and fluids
Avoid food and drugs high in pyridoxine
Abruptly stopping may cause Parkinsonism crisis
benztropine mesylate Cogentin
CLASS
Anticholinergic
benztropine mesylate Cogentin
ACTION
Blocks acetylcholine
Inhibits overactivity in the brain
benztropine mesylate Cogentin
USE
Treat early stages of Parkinson’s
benztropine mesylate Cogentin
ADVERSE EFFECTS
Dry mouth Blurred vision Photophobia Urinary retention Constipation Tachycardia Glaucoma
benztropine mesylate Cogentin
Nx IMPLICATION/TEACHING
Relieve dry mouth with frequent drinks Take with food to prevent GI upset Avoid alcohol Wear dark glasses; avoid bright sunlight Do not stop taking abruptly
