Antibiotics

Question 1

Penicillin mechanism of action

Answer 1

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Question 2

Penicillin Adverse Effects

Answer 2

N/V
Diarrhea
Superinfections
Anaphylaxis
Decreased RBC, WBC, or platelet count

Question 3

Penicillin Nx Implications

Answer 3

Take on empty stomach
Monitor for hyperkalemia and hypernatremia
Monitor cardiac status

Question 4

Cephalosporin prototype drug

Answer 4

cefotaxime Claforan

Question 5

Cephalosporincefotaxime (Claforan) mechanism of action

Answer 5

Broad spectrum cell wall synthesis inhibitor

Question 6

Cephalosporincefotaxime (Claforan) adverse effects

Answer 6

N/V
Diarrhea
Hypersensitivity
Anaphylaxis
Pain at injection site

Question 7

Cepholosporincefotaxime (Claforan) Nx implication

Answer 7

Take with food
Assess for presence or history of bleeding disorders (may reduce prothrombin levels)
Avoid alcohol, some cause Antabuse

Question 8

Tetracycline prototype drug

Answer 8

tetracycline HCL (Achromycin)

Question 9

tetracycline mechanism of action

Answer 9

Broad spectrum Protein synthesis inhibitors

Question 10

tetracycline primary use

Answer 10

chlamydiae
rickettsiae
mycoplasma

Question 11

tetracycline adverse effects

Answer 11

N/V
Diarrhea
Superinfections
Epigastric burning
Discoloration of teeth*
Photosensitivity*
Can effect liver & kidneys*

Question 12

tetracycline Nx Implication

Answer 12

Do not take with calcium or iron
Do not give to children under 8
Contraindicated if pregnant

Question 13

Aminoglycoside prototype drug

Answer 13

gentamicin (Garamycin)

Question 14

Aminoglycosidegentamicin mechanism of action

Answer 14

Narrow spectrum bacteriocidal Inhibit protein synthesis

Question 15

Aminoglycosidegentamicin primary use

Answer 15

Serious urinary, respiratory, nervous, or GI infections

Question 16

Aminoglycosidegentamicin adverse effects

Answer 16

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

Question 17

Aminoglycosidegentamicin Nx Implication

Answer 17

Monitor for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Increase fluid intake

Question 18

Fluoroquinolones prototype drug

Answer 18

ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Question 19

Fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin mechanism of action

Answer 19

Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase

Question 20

Fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin adverse effects

Answer 20

N/V
Diarrhea
Photosensitivity*
Headache
Dizziness

Question 21

Fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin Nx Implications

Answer 21

Do not take with multivitamins or minerals*
Most serious adverse effects are dysrhythmias and liver failure
Do not use in children and pregnant or lactating women

Question 22

Sulfonamides prototype drug

Answer 22

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)

Question 23

Sulfonamidestrimethoprim (Bactrim) mechanism of action

Answer 23

Broad spectrum that inhibits bacterial metabolism of folic acid

Question 24

Sulfonamidestrimethoprim (Bactrim) primary use

Answer 24

UTI*

Question 25

Sulfonamidestrimethoprim (Bactrim) adverse effects

Answer 25

N/V
Skin rashes
Agranulocytosis
Thrombocytopenia

Question 26

Sulfonamidestrimethoprim (Bactrim) Nx Implication

Answer 26

Assess for anemia or other hematological disorders
Assess renal function*
Teach how to decrease effects of photosensitivity
Take with lots of water*

Question 27

Vancomycin (Vancocin) effective for

Answer 27

MRSA infections

Question 28

Vancocin adverse effects

Answer 28

Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Red man syndrome
Considered a big gun

Question 29

Erythromycin mechanism of action

Answer 29

Protein synthesis inhibitor

Question 30

Erythromycin Adverse effects

Answer 30

N/V
Hearing loss
Vertigo
Dizziness

Question 31

Erythromycin

Nx Implication

Answer 31

Administer on empty stomach
Full glass of water
Do not give with, before, or after fruit juices