Antibiotics Flashcards
Penicillin mechanism of action
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Penicillin Adverse Effects
N/V Diarrhea Superinfections Anaphylaxis Decreased RBC, WBC, or platelet count
Penicillin Nx Implications
Take on empty stomach
Monitor for hyperkalemia and hypernatremia
Monitor cardiac status
Cephalosporin prototype drug
cefotaxime Claforan
Cephalosporincefotaxime (Claforan) mechanism of action
Broad spectrum cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Cephalosporincefotaxime (Claforan) adverse effects
N/V Diarrhea Hypersensitivity Anaphylaxis Pain at injection site
Cepholosporincefotaxime (Claforan) Nx implication
Take with food
Assess for presence or history of bleeding disorders (may reduce prothrombin levels)
Avoid alcohol, some cause Antabuse
Tetracycline prototype drug
tetracycline HCL (Achromycin)
tetracycline mechanism of action
Broad spectrum Protein synthesis inhibitors
tetracycline primary use
chlamydiae
rickettsiae
mycoplasma
tetracycline adverse effects
N/V Diarrhea Superinfections Epigastric burning Discoloration of teeth* Photosensitivity* Can effect liver & kidneys*
tetracycline Nx Implication
Do not take with calcium or iron
Do not give to children under 8
Contraindicated if pregnant
Aminoglycoside prototype drug
gentamicin (Garamycin)
Aminoglycosidegentamicin mechanism of action
Narrow spectrum bacteriocidal Inhibit protein synthesis
Aminoglycosidegentamicin primary use
Serious urinary, respiratory, nervous, or GI infections
Aminoglycosidegentamicin adverse effects
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Aminoglycosidegentamicin Nx Implication
Monitor for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Increase fluid intake
Fluoroquinolones prototype drug
ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin mechanism of action
Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase
Fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin adverse effects
N/V Diarrhea Photosensitivity* Headache Dizziness
Fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin Nx Implications
Do not take with multivitamins or minerals*
Most serious adverse effects are dysrhythmias and liver failure
Do not use in children and pregnant or lactating women
Sulfonamides prototype drug
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
Sulfonamidestrimethoprim (Bactrim) mechanism of action
Broad spectrum that inhibits bacterial metabolism of folic acid
Sulfonamidestrimethoprim (Bactrim) primary use
UTI*
Sulfonamidestrimethoprim (Bactrim) adverse effects
N/V
Skin rashes
Agranulocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
Sulfonamidestrimethoprim (Bactrim) Nx Implication
Assess for anemia or other hematological disorders
Assess renal function*
Teach how to decrease effects of photosensitivity
Take with lots of water*
Vancomycin (Vancocin) effective for
MRSA infections
Vancocin adverse effects
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Red man syndrome
Considered a big gun
Erythromycin mechanism of action
Protein synthesis inhibitor
Erythromycin Adverse effects
N/V
Hearing loss
Vertigo
Dizziness
Erythromycin
Nx Implication
Administer on empty stomach
Full glass of water
Do not give with, before, or after fruit juices
