Antipsychotic meds Flashcards
Typical (1st Generation)
Decrease dopamine
Works best on positive symptoms
EPS and Anti-HAM side effects
Atypical (2nd Generation)
Decrease dopamine AND increase serotonin
Works on positive and negative symptoms
Metabolic side effects
antipsych meds
Class warnings
Black box warning- higher mortality rate in geriatric pts with dementia-related psychosis
Adverse cerebrovascular events
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Tardive dyskinesia
Weight gain, hyperglycemia, new-onset or worsening diabetes, hyperlipidemias (especially for kids)
Antipsychotic Side Effects
Metabolic Dysfunction
Anti-HAM
Neuromalignant Syndrome
Extrapyramidal Syndrome
Dystonia
Akathisia
Parkinsonian Syndrome
Tardive Dyskinesia
1st Generation Antipsychotics- think EPS and ANTI-HAM side effects
2nd Generation Antipsychotics- think more metabolic side effects
Extrapyramidal Syndrome
Sx
Dystonia
Akathisia
Parkinsonian Syndrome
Tardive Dyskinesia
Metabolic Dysfunction
Weight gain
Hyperglycemia
hyperlipidemia
More common with second generation antipsychotics
Need to check labs every 6-12 months (Lipids, weight, BP, A1C)
Tx: treat dysfunction respectively or consider changing antipsychotics if severe
Anti-HAM
Antihistamine - weight gain and sedation
Antiadrenergic - orthostatic hypotension, cardiac abnormalities, sexual dysfunction
Antimuscarinic (anticholinergic effects) - (dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention, blurry vision, constipation, precipitation of narrow-angle glaucoma
Hyperprolactinemia - low libido, galactorrhea, gynecomastia, impotence, amenorrhea
Neuromalignant Syndrome (NMS)
and tx
Occurs in up to 3% of patients taking neuroleptics
Extreme rigidity, AMS, fever, unstable BP, myoglobinemia
Can be FATAL
Tx: STOP medication, dantrolene and bromocriptine, supportive care
Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) - MC 1st Gen
Akathisia
inner restlessness, can’t sit still
Not anxiety
Tx: reduce dose or change meds
Propranolol
Clonazepam
Parkinsonian syndrome
tremor, mask-like facies, rigidity, shuffling gait, bradykinesia
Typically starts within 1 month of starting medication
Elderly more at risk
Tx: change or reduce drug
Levodopa and other antiparkinsonian drugs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6yxH2bgkSY
Dystonia
Acute!
Typically starts within days of initiating drug
involuntary contractions of major muscle groups
Commonly tongue, face, neck, back
Tx: anticholinergics (benztropine), antiparkinsonian drugs
Diagnostic and curative!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2D5HAWPVC4
Tardive Dyskinesia
Involuntary movements - facial grimacing, tongue protrusion, lateral jaw movements, lip smacking, choreiform movements of the limbs (rarely)
Months to years to develop
Can develop at any time while on medication, 5% increase risk each year on FGA
Can be permanent
Tx: STOP agent once early symptoms arise.
VMAT2 Inhibitors - valbenazine and deutrabenazine
https://www.tardiveimpact.com/what-is-td
Tardive Dyskinesia
Involuntary movements - facial grimacing, tongue protrusion, lateral jaw movements, lip smacking, choreiform movements of the limbs (rarely)
Months to years to develop
Can develop at any time while on medication, 5% increase risk each year on FGA
Can be permanent
Tx: STOP agent once early symptoms arise.
VMAT2 Inhibitors - valbenazine and deutrabenazine
https://www.tardiveimpact.com/what-is-td
EPS Sx
Dystonia
Acute!
Typically starts within days of initiating drug
involuntary contractions of major muscle groups
Commonly tongue, face, neck, back
Tx: anticholinergics (benztropine), antiparkinsonian drugs
Diagnostic and curative!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2D5HAWPVC4
EPS sx
Akathisia
inner restlessness, can’t sit still
Not anxiety
Tx: reduce dose or change meds
Propranolol
Clonazepam
EPS Sx
AIMS
Screening for TD
Provider rates patient
Score of 2 indicates presence of TD
Performed every 6 months
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
typical
First antipsychotic developed, not commonly used
Effective Dose: 60mg - 800mg
FDA indications- Psychosis, mania, nausea and vomiting, intractable hiccups
Off label- bipolar disorder, behavioral disturbances, impulse control
Route: PO or IM
Monitoring- ECG if cardiac disease
Cost- pretty expensive
Side Effects- sedation, orthostasis, tachycardia, drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, prolactin elevation, skin pigmentation, ocular changes, jaundice, photosensitivity
Fluphenazine (Prolixin)
typical
Effective Dose: 3 - 45mg
FDA indications- psychosis, schizophrenia
Off label- dementia associated psychosis or agitation
Route- PO and IM
Cost- cheap
Side Effects- EPS, headache, drowsiness, dry mouth