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PHARMACOLOGY (FINALS) > ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS/NEUROLEPTICS > Flashcards

ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS/NEUROLEPTICS Flashcards

1
Q

A mental health condition characterized by delusions, hallucinations, illusions, disorganized behavior, and a difficulty relating to others

A

psychosis

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2
Q

Psychosis is A condition that affects the way your brain process information. It causes you to _______

A

lose touch with reality

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3
Q

You might see, hear, or believe things that are not real

A

Psychosis

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4
Q

Psychosis is a ____, not an illness

A

symptoms

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5
Q

What causes pyschosis?

A

mental or physical illness
brain damage
substance abuse or drug addiction
extreme stress
depression or trauma
chronic alcoholism
overdoses of certain medication

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6
Q

Seeing, hearing or feeling something that is not there

A

Hallucinations

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7
Q

Firm ideas and belief not founded in reality

A

Delusions

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8
Q

Distorted perceptions of actual sensory stimuli

A

Illusions

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9
Q

An extreme suspicion and delusion that they are being followed, and that others are trying to harm them. Some psychotic clients may exhibit this.

A

Paranoia

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10
Q

Give at least 3 s/sx of psychosis

A

Hallucinations, delusions or paranoia
Strange behavior such as communicating in rambling statements or made-up words
Attitude of indifference or detachment toward the activity’s
Rapid alteration between extreme hyperactivity and stupor
Strange or irrational actions
Deterioration of personal hygiene, and job or academic performance Marked withdrawal from social interactions and interpersonal relationship

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11
Q

A class of medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia but also a range of other psychotic disorder.

A

ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS/NEUROLEPTICS

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12
Q

What are the Basic Categories of Antipsychotic Agents

A
  1. Conventional antipsychotics/First generation or Typical antipsychotics
  2. Atypical antipsychotics
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13
Q

What are the conventional antipsychotics/First generation or Typical antipsychotics agents?

A

Phenothiazine and phenothiazine like drugs

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14
Q

Phenothiazines are the most effective at treating positive signs of ______, such as hallucinations and delusions

A

schizophrenia

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15
Q

Treatment of choice for psychoses for 50 years

A

Phenothiazines

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16
Q

Phenothiazines act by preventing ____ and ____ from occupying their receptor site in certain regions of the brain

A

dopamine and serotonin

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17
Q

PHENOTHIAZINES Example Drugs

A

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Fluphenazine HCL (Permitil, Prolixin)
Promazine HCL (Prozine, Sparine)
Mesoridazine besylate (Serentil)
Thioridazine HI (Mellaril)

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18
Q

First effective drug used to treat schizophrenia, was approved by the FDA in 1954

A

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

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19
Q

Low potency phenothiazine

A

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

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20
Q

Sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation
Photosensitivity, extrapyramidal syndrome
Orthostatic hypotension, ejaculation disorder
Anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth, postural hypotension and urinary retention are common

A

Phenothiazines Side effects/adverse effects

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21
Q

Pancytopenia, agranulocytosis
Anaphylactoid reaction, tardive dyskinesia
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, hypothermia
Adynamic ileus, sudden unexplained death

A

Phenothiazines Serious Side Effects

22
Q

A serious set of adverse reaction to antipsychotic drugs.

A

EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SIDE EFFECTS

23
Q

It occurs early in the course of pharmacotherapy and involve severe muscle spasms, particularly of the back, neck, tongue and facial muscles, twitching movements

A

Acute dystonia

24
Q

the most common EPS, an inability to rest or relax.

A

Akathisia

25
Q

The client paces, has trouble sitting or remaining still, and has difficulty sleepin

A

Akathisia

26
Q

includes tremor, muscle rigidity, stooped posture, and a shuffling gait.

A

Parkinsonism

27
Q

characterized by unusual tongue and face movements such as lip smacking and wormlike motions of the tongue, puffing of cheeks, uncontrolled chewing movements.

A

Tardive dyskinesia

28
Q

Tardive dyskinesia is the effect of long-term use of phenothiazines ______

A

Akathisia

29
Q

A toxic reaction to therapeutic doses of antipsychotic drug

A

Neurologic malignant syndrome (NS)

30
Q

A rare, though potentially life-threatening adverse effect of antipsychotic agent

A

NS

31
Q

The onset is varying from early in treatment to alter several months of therapy

A

NS

32
Q

The clients exhibit elevated body Temperature, unstable blood pressure, profuse sweating, dyspnea, muscle rigidity, and incontinence

A

NS

33
Q

Contraindication to the use of phenothiazine and phenothiazine like drugs include _____,______,______,_______,_______,_____ (children under age ____ months) and presence of _______

A

CNS depression, bone marrow suppression, coma, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, lactation, age(children under age 6 months) and presence of Reye’s syndrome

34
Q

used phenothiazines with caution in clients with

A

asthma, emphysema, respiratory infections, pregnancy (use only when benefits outweigh risks) and elderly person or children

35
Q

Assess a child for hyperexcitability, dehydration or gastroenteritis as well as chicken pox or measles, because such conditions increase the potential for ______

A

EPS

36
Q

If possible, phenothiazines should not be given to children under ___ years of age.

A

12

37
Q

If the patient is elderly, determine whether a lower dose maybe indicated owing to the __________ in older adults.

A

slower metabolism

38
Q

Consists of drugs whose chemical structures are dissimilar to the phenothiazines.

A

Nonphenothiazines

39
Q

Nonphenothiazines block the postsynaptic ______

A

D2 dopamine receptor

40
Q

Nonphenothiazines have equal efficacy as the ______

A

phenothiazines

41
Q

Nonphenothiazine causes less sedation and fewer anticholinergic side effects than________ (Thorazine) but exhibits an equal or even greater incidence of extrapyramidal signs especially in the elderly.

A

chlorpromazine

42
Q

Nonphenothiazines Example drugs

A

Haloperidol (Haldol)
Chlorprothixene(taractan)
Loxapine succinate (Loxitane)
Molindone HCL (Moban)

43
Q

Most common drug of non-phenothiazines and used for the management of the acute and chronic psychotic disorders.

A

Pimozide (Orap), Thiothixene HCL (Navane) Haloperidol (Haldol)

44
Q

Pimozide (Orap), Thiothixene HCL (Navane) Haloperidol (Haldol) has long-acting preparations that last for approximately ______through IM or SQ

A

3 weeks

45
Q

Non-phenothiazines contraindications include Parkinson’s disease, CNS depression, alcoholism, seizure disorders, and age younger than______

A

3 years old

46
Q

sedation is a less severe side effect than with phenothiazines, but there is a greater incidence of ____ with non-phenothiazines antipsychotics. A possible life-threatening adverse effect of the antipsychotic drug is NMS.

A

EPS

47
Q

Caution client that any form of _____ used with non-phenothiazines will likely increase anxiety

A

caffeine

48
Q

Assessing older clients, check for unusual reaction to _____

A

Haloperidol

49
Q

There is an increase of _____ in elderly woman

A

tardive dyskinesia

50
Q

This category of drug is not safe for use with children younger than ____-.

A

2 years old

PHARMACOLOGY (FINALS) (9 decks)

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