Antiparasitics Flashcards
what types of parasites are most likely to be seen by PCPs in the US?
Trypanosoma cruzi - Chagas dz Neurocysticercosis Toxocariasis - blindness Toxoplasma gondii Trichomonas
What parasitic infections are most likely to be seen by PCPs in the US?
Chagas disease Cysticercosis Toxocariasis Toxoplasmosis Trichomoniasis
What is used to treat a malaria protazoa?
chloroquin
What is used to treat amebiasis and other protazoa?
Metronidasole
What is used to treat pinworms, tape worms?
Mebendazole
What is used to treat ectoparasites like scabies, lice?
Lindane
What are chemotherapeutic drugs?
drugs that destroy or injure invading organisms or tissues
What drugs are bactericidal?
cephalosporins
azoles
What drugs are bacteristatic?
bactrim
tetracycline
macrolides
What are the clases of parasites that can cause disease?
protazoa
helminths
ectoparasites
how do you treat Chagas
metronidazole and nitro compounds
how can you prevent (not treat) toxoplasmosis?
sulfamethoxazole/trimethaprim
Why would you not treat toxoplasmosis, except in immunocompromsied?
Because the treatment (sulfamethethoxazole) is an antimetabolite and targets tetrahydrofolate which is essential for DNA formation of the bacteria.
most common non-viral std
trichamonas
treatment for trichamonas
metronidazole
5% resistance
Resistance vs Tolerance
Resistance: chemotherapeutic term - invading organism loses it’s ability to respond to a drug.
Tolerance: refers to tissues of host - magnitude of response deminishes after repeated use. Tendency is to increase the dose.
what disease causes the most deaths globally?
malaria
chloroquine
quinine derivative that inhibits Na channels and inhibits action potentials and is an anti-arrhythmic
protozoa
single celled
multiply quickly
fecal oral, food, water transmission
blood transmission requires a vector (arthropod)
what is used to treat ectoparasites?
ivermectin
chloroquine moa
damages parasitic DNA. Damages membrane of RBC that is infected. Inactivates polymerase of heme and the soluble heme is toxic to parasite
metronidazole moa and distinguishing characteristics
MOA: binds to DNA and halts cell division
DC: azole compound, inhibits aldehyde dehyrogenase in liver, highly lipid soluble
mebendazole moa and distinguishing characteristics
antihelminthic
MOA: microtubule destruction
DC: chewable tablet, few SE, excreted unchanged in feces
Ivermectin moa and distinguishing characteristics
Antiparasitic (helminths and ectoparasites)
MOA: intensify release of GABA transmission
DC: oral, avoid with benzo, cidal to helminths and arthropods, systemic distribution
Pyrethrins moa and distinguishing characteristics
Antiparasitic, insecticide, insect repellant
MOA: sustain open Na channels in insects
DC: chrysanthemum flower, biodegradable
Arteisinin
antiparasitic antiprotazoal
MOA: schiozonticide in all malaria forms
emerging as first line for malaria
