Antiparasitics

Question 1

what types of parasites are most likely to be seen by PCPs in the US?

Answer 1

Trypanosoma cruzi - Chagas dz
Neurocysticercosis
Toxocariasis - blindness
Toxoplasma gondii
Trichomonas

Question 2

What parasitic infections are most likely to be seen by PCPs in the US?

Answer 2

Chagas disease
Cysticercosis
Toxocariasis
Toxoplasmosis
Trichomoniasis

Question 3

What is used to treat a malaria protazoa?

Answer 3

chloroquin

Question 4

What is used to treat amebiasis and other protazoa?

Answer 4

Metronidasole

Question 5

What is used to treat pinworms, tape worms?

Answer 5

Mebendazole

Question 6

What is used to treat ectoparasites like scabies, lice?

Answer 6

Lindane

Question 7

What are chemotherapeutic drugs?

Answer 7

drugs that destroy or injure invading organisms or tissues

Question 8

What drugs are bactericidal?

Answer 8

cephalosporins

azoles

Question 9

What drugs are bacteristatic?

Answer 9

bactrim
tetracycline
macrolides

Question 10

What are the clases of parasites that can cause disease?

Answer 10

protazoa
helminths
ectoparasites

Question 11

how do you treat Chagas

Answer 11

metronidazole and nitro compounds

Question 12

how can you prevent (not treat) toxoplasmosis?

Answer 12

sulfamethoxazole/trimethaprim

Question 13

Why would you not treat toxoplasmosis, except in immunocompromsied?

Answer 13

Because the treatment (sulfamethethoxazole) is an antimetabolite and targets tetrahydrofolate which is essential for DNA formation of the bacteria.

Question 14

most common non-viral std

Answer 14

trichamonas

Question 15

treatment for trichamonas

Answer 15

metronidazole

5% resistance

Question 16

Resistance vs Tolerance

Answer 16

Resistance: chemotherapeutic term - invading organism loses it’s ability to respond to a drug.

Tolerance: refers to tissues of host - magnitude of response deminishes after repeated use. Tendency is to increase the dose.

Question 17

what disease causes the most deaths globally?

Answer 17

malaria

Question 18

chloroquine

Answer 18

quinine derivative that inhibits Na channels and inhibits action potentials and is an anti-arrhythmic

Question 19

protozoa

Answer 19

single celled
multiply quickly
fecal oral, food, water transmission
blood transmission requires a vector (arthropod)

Question 20

what is used to treat ectoparasites?

Answer 20

ivermectin

Question 21

chloroquine moa

Answer 21

damages parasitic DNA. Damages membrane of RBC that is infected. Inactivates polymerase of heme and the soluble heme is toxic to parasite

Question 22

metronidazole moa and distinguishing characteristics

Answer 22

MOA: binds to DNA and halts cell division
DC: azole compound, inhibits aldehyde dehyrogenase in liver, highly lipid soluble

Question 23

mebendazole moa and distinguishing characteristics

Answer 23

antihelminthic
MOA: microtubule destruction
DC: chewable tablet, few SE, excreted unchanged in feces

Question 24

Ivermectin moa and distinguishing characteristics

Answer 24

Antiparasitic (helminths and ectoparasites)
MOA: intensify release of GABA transmission
DC: oral, avoid with benzo, cidal to helminths and arthropods, systemic distribution

Question 25

Pyrethrins moa and distinguishing characteristics

Answer 25

Antiparasitic, insecticide, insect repellant
MOA: sustain open Na channels in insects
DC: chrysanthemum flower, biodegradable

Question 26

Arteisinin

Answer 26

antiparasitic antiprotazoal
MOA: schiozonticide in all malaria forms
emerging as first line for malaria