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Pharm 1 Test 2 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Majority of pharyngitis cases are ___ and treated with ____

A

viral

nothing

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2
Q

If pharyngitis is caused by bacteria (only 10-15%) it is treated with ___?

A

GABHS - penicillin

alternative: azithromycin or cephalosporin

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3
Q

bacterial etiologies for Otitis Media?

A

Strep Pneumo - 35%
H Flu - 25%
Moraxella catarrhalis - 15%

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4
Q

what is treatment protocol for otitis media

A

observation method
if child doesn’t improve in 48-72 hours begin ab therapy
*always treat children with severe symptoms and children <6 months and children > 2 who have AOM with otorrhea

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5
Q

First line ab for AOM

A

amoxicillin

alternative: cephalosporins (ceftriaxone), macrolides (asithromycin)

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6
Q

when do you initiate tx for sinusitis?

A

after 10 days of sx which indicates bacterial infection

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7
Q

first line tx for sinusitis?

A

amoxicillin, doxycline

second line: cephalosporins, azithromycin

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8
Q

most common etiology of CAP

A

strep pneumo
h flu
mycoplasma pneumonia
etc

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9
Q

tx for CAP

A

macrolide

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10
Q

tx for uncomplicated cystitis

A

nitrofurantoin (macrobid)
cipro is second line
*avoid fluoroquinolones

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11
Q

uncomplicated cystitis

A

infection of bladder in a host without structural abnormalitis, neurological urinary abnormalitis, or signs of systemic infection (fever)

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12
Q

common etiology for uncomplicated cystitis

A

e coli - 75-95%
klebsiella
staph saprophyticus - common in post-coital

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13
Q

tx for gonorrhea

A

ceftriaxone plus azithromycin

* no fluoroquinolones due to resistance

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14
Q

tx for chlamydia

A

doxycycline

azithromycin

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15
Q

cellulitis tx for uncomolicated and non MRSA

A

amoxil-vlavulanate
dicloxacillin
cephalaxin

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16
Q

tx for suspicion of MRSA cellulitis

A

TMP sulfa
clindamycin
doxycyclin

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17
Q

example of narrow spectrum ab

A

penicillin

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18
Q

broad spectrum ab

A

piperacillin

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19
Q

bacteriostatic ab

A

tetracycline

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20
Q

time dependent antibiotics: maximize effect by total time in body

A

penicillins
cephalosporins
macrolides
clindamycin

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21
Q

concentration dependent antibiotics: most effective by reaching concentration above dependent activity

A

quinolones
aminoglycosides
azithromycin
ketolides

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22
Q

which antibiotics have b lactam structure

A

penicillins

23
Q

drug of choice for n meningitidis and syphilis

A

penicillin

24
Q

indications for aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin)

A

sinusitis, otitis, lower resp tract infections, endocarditis

25
Q

extended spectrum penicillins (piperacillin0

A

IV ONLY for severe infections - broad spectrum

26
Q

what is used for anaerobes

A

penicillin/b-lactamase inhibitors - amoxicilin, augmentin

27
Q

adverse reactions to penicillin

A 
allergic rxn (anaphylaxis, rash, fever, urticaria)
diarrhea
28
Q

Type 1 IgE reaction to penicilin

A

within 1 hour

urticaria, flushing, angioedema of face, anaphylaxis

29
Q

most severe cause of antibiotic induced diarrhea

A

pseudomembranous colitis (c difficile colitis) from amoxicillin and clavulanate

30
Q

how are penicillins cleared?

A

renal

31
Q

1st generation cephalosporins

A

cefazolin, cephalexin
used for UTIs, skin, reps
alternative to penicillins

32
Q

cefriaxone

A

3rd generation cephalosporin
broad spectrum
used in resp infections (CAP)

33
Q

what is used to treat seroius hospital infections

A

cefepime (4th generation cephalosporin)

34
Q

adverse reactions to cephalosporins

A

allergic reaction

diarrhea

35
Q

macrolides MOA

A

inhibit bacterial protein biosynthesis by binding 50s subunit - bacterostatic

36
Q

macrolides

A

erythromycin
azithromycin
good coverage of resp infections and atypical resp pathogens

37
Q

adverse reactions of macrolides

A

GI - nausea, vomitting, diarrhea

interact with CYP

38
Q

Tetracycline MOA

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30s ribosomal subunit - bacteriostatic

39
Q

which antibiotic classes are bacteriostatic?

A

macrolides, tetracycline, sulfonamides

40
Q

adverse reactions of tetracycline

A

photosensitivity
nausea and diarrhea
tooth discoloration

41
Q

sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) MOA

A

inhibits folic acid synthesis via enzyme inhibition

42
Q

what is used to treat community acquired MRSA

A

sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim

43
Q

bactrim (sulfonamide) adverse reactions

A

allergic rash fever, photosensitivity

steven johnsons syndrome

44
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOA

A

inhibit DNA gyrase which inhibits DNA replication and transcriptpin - bactericidal

45
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

levofloxacin
ciproflaxacin
potent broad spectrum

46
Q

anti-anaerobes

A

metronidazole

clindamycin

47
Q

anti-anaerobe MOA

A

inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

48
Q

tx for MRSA

A

IV vancomycin

49
Q

do you use penicillin to treat staph infection?

A

No, staph inactivates penicillin with penicilinase

50
Q

What bacteria is penicillin good for

A

gram positive streptococci, n meningitidis

not staph

51
Q

what is cephriaxone good at killing?

A

gram positive strep and MSSA
gram negative - very good
anaerobes - oral only

52
Q

what are 4th generation cephalosporins used for?

A

Cefepime IV
serious hospital infections
gram neg - excellent for P. Aeruginosa

53
Q

what should be avoided with tetracycline

A

ca or dairy products

the sun

54
Q

what can cause steven johnsons syndrome?

A

bactrim/sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (bactrim)

Pharm 1 Test 2 (8 decks)

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