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Antimicrobials / Immune-Related > Antiparasitic Agents > Flashcards

Antiparasitic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Metronidazole

A

Rx: Infections w/ Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas; Amebiasis

MOA: reduced by pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) into active form –> disrupt protein/DNA structure and function, absorbs electrons

SE: Disulfiram-like effects (must avoid ETOH), HA, N/V, metallic taste

Resistance: ↓ PFOR activity

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2
Q

Iodoquinol

A

Rx: Amebiasis (E. histolytica trophozoites and cysts in lumen)

MOA: unknown

SE: GI discomfort (take w/ meals)

Contraindicated in children

Use after metronidazole in severe cases

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3
Q

Paromomycin

A

Rx: Amebiasis (E. histolytica trophozoites and cysts in lumen)

MOA: unknown

SE: GI discomfort

Use after metronidazole in severe cases

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4
Q

Nitazoxanide

A

Rx: Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis in pts +1yoa

MOA: Inhibits PFOR (anerobic energy metabolism)

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5
Q

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

A

Rx: Pneumocystitis jirovecii

MOA: inhibits folate synthesis

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6
Q

Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine

A

Rx: Toxoplasma gondii

MOA: inhibits folate synthesis

SE: hematological abnormalities
(Co-administer w/ Leucovorin (folic acid) to prevent folate deficiency)

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7
Q

Sulfonamide

sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole

A

MOA: PABA analog -> inhibits dihydropteroate synthase -> inhibition of folate synthesis

SE: rash, GI intolerance

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8
Q

Diaminopyrimidines

Pyrimethamine, trimethoprim

A

MOA: inhibit DHFR -> inhibit formation of tetrahydrofolate

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9
Q

Chloroquine

A

Anti-malarial prophylaxis, Tx
(all Plasmodium species)

MOA: interfere w/ detox in parasite

SE: HA, N/V, blurred vision, fatigue

Resistance: MAJOR, due to rapid export pump

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10
Q

Quinine

A

Anti-malarial Tx
(all Plasmodium species)

MOA: Interfer w/ detox and DNA in parasite

SE: Cinchonism, Hypoglycemia
poorest therapeutic:toxic ratio

Resistance: mostly in Asia

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11
Q

Mefloquine

A

Anti-malarial prophylaxis and Tx
(all Plasmodium species)

MOA: unknown

SE: neuropsychiatric rxns

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12
Q

Primaquine

A

Anti-malarial
Destroys hypnozoites of P. vivax and P. ovale

MOA: interfere with mito. electron transport and pyrimidine synthesis

SE: hemolysis in pts w/ G6PD

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13
Q

Malarone

A

atovaquone + proguanil

Tx and prophylaxis of P. falciparum

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14
Q

Atovaquone

A

Component of Malarone

MOA: unknown

Must take w/ fatty meal due to lipophilicity

Rx: all Plasmodium species

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15
Q

Proguanil

A

Component of Malarone

MOA: inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)

Rx: prophylaxis

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16
Q

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline
Rx: malaria prophylaxis and Tx (all Plasmodium species)

MOA: disrupts protein synthesis

SE: photosensitivity

Contraindicated in pregnancy, children

17
Q

Artemisinin Derivatives

A

Antimalarial (from Chinese Wormwood)
MOA: interacts w/ Fe, damages membranes

Rx: MDR P. falciparum
(Combo Tx)

SE: N/D

Resistance: rising

18
Q

Albendazole

A

Benzimidazole (Anthelmintic)

Rx: ascariasis, pinworm, hookworm, whipworm

MOA: inhibit mitosis in parasite

Administer after fatty meal (tissue dwelling) or empty stomach (luminal)

SE: GI distrubances

Contraindicated in pregnancy / under 2 yoa

19
Q

Mebendazole

A

Benzimidazole (Anthelmintic)

Rx: ascariasis, pinworm, hookworm, whipworm

MOA: inhibit mitosis in parasite

Administer after fatty meal (tissue dwelling) or empty stomach (luminal)

SE: GI distrubances

Contraindicated in pregnancy / under 2 yoa

20
Q

Thiabendazole

A

Benzimidazole (Anthelmintic)

MOA: inhibit mitosis in parasite

Rx: strongyloidasis (second-line), cutaneous larval migrans (topical)

SE: N/V, delirium hallucinations

↑ absorption = ↑ toxicity

Contraindicated in pregnancy / under 2 yoa

21
Q

Ivermectin

A

Anthelmintic

Rx: strongyloidiasis (intestinal + extraintestinal)

MOA: hyperpolarization in muscle cells -> paralysis

22
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate

A

Anthelmintic
Rx: pinworm

MOA: neuromuscular blockade in somatic muscles of nematodes

Treat the entire household

23
Q

Praziquantel

A

Anthelmintic
Rx: Tapeworm and Fluke infections (cestodes and trematodes)

MOA: increases Ca permeability -> depolarization -> paralysis

SE: N/V, HA

Flukes: 3 doses/day
Tapeworms: 1 dose

Antimicrobials / Immune-Related (9 decks)

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