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Antimicrobials / Immune-Related > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin G

A

Narrow Spectrum Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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2
Q

Penicillin V

A

Narrow Spectrum Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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3
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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4
Q

Methicillin

A

Narrow Spectrum Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

B-lactamase resistant

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5
Q

Nafcillin

A

Narrow Spectrum Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

B-lactamase resistant

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6
Q

Oxacillin

A

Narrow Spectrum Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

B-lactamase resistant

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7
Q

Ampicillin

A

Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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8
Q

Piperacillin

A

Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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9
Q

Ticarcillin

A

Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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10
Q

Azlocillin

A

Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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11
Q

Clavulanic acid

A

B-lactamase inhibitor

MOA: inhibit B-lactamase

Used in combination w/ penicillin agent

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12
Q

Cefazolin

A

1st Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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13
Q

Cephalexin

A

1st Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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14
Q

Cefotetan

A

2nd Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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15
Q

Cefaclor

A

2nd Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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16
Q

Cefuroxime

A

2nd Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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17
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

can enter CNS

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18
Q

Cefotaxime

A

3rd Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

can enter CNS

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19
Q

Cefdinir

A

3rd Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

can enter CNS

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20
Q

Cefixime

A

3rd Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

can enter CNS

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21
Q

Cefepime

A

4th Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

can enter CNS

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22
Q

Rx to treat MRSA

A

Vancomycin, Linezolid, Daptomycin

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23
Q

Aztreonam

A

Monobactam
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Rx: CNS or severe infections
(Gram (-) ONLY)

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

can enter CNS

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24
Q

Doripenem

A

Carbapenem

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

Adverse: N/V/diarrhea

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25
Q

Ertapenem

A

Carbapenem

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

Adverse: N/V/diarrhea

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26
Q

Meropenem

A

Carbapenem

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

Adverse: N/V/diarrhea

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27
Q

Imipenem

A

Carbapenem

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

Adverse: N/V/diarrhea

Must combine w/ cilastatin to prevent inactivation in kidney

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28
Q

Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptide

MOA: steric inhibitor prevents elongation of peptidoglycan cell wall structure

Rx: MRSA, Enterococci, C. diff.

Adverse: skin flushing

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29
Q

Bacitracin

A

Polypeptides

MOA: blocks incorporation of amino acids / nucleic acids into cell wall

Rx: topical use

30
Q

Fosfomycin

A

Phosphoenolypyruvate

MOA: inhibition of synthesis of disaccharide molecule

Rx: UTIs

31
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolide
(Protein Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: Binds to 50S and impairs translocation to P site

Rx: ambulatory pneumonia, hospitalization penumonia (in combo w/ B-lactam)

Adverse: N/V/diarrhea

32
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Macrolide
(Protein Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: Binds to 50S and impairs translocation to P site

Rx: ambulatory pneumonia, hospitalization penumonia (in combo w/ B-lactam)

Adverse: N/V/diarrhea

33
Q

Azithromycin

A

Macrolide
(Protein Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: Binds to 50S and impairs translocation to P site

Rx: ambulatory pneumonia, hospitalization penumonia (in combo w/ B-lactam)

Adverse: N/V/diarrhea

34
Q

Tetracycline

A

Tetracycline
(Protein synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: binds to 30S, prevents binding of new tRNA to A site

Rx: Broad-spectrum –> bacteriostatic

SE: binds Ca, disrupts flora, photosensitivity

35
Q

Minocycline

A

Tetracycline
(Protein synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: binds to 30S, prevents binding of new tRNA to A site

Rx: Broad-spectrum –> bacteriostatic

SE: binds Ca, disrupts flora, photosensitivity

36
Q

Tigercycline

A

Tetracycline
(Protein synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: binds to 30S, prevents binding of new tRNA to A site

Rx: Broad-spectrum –> bacteriostatic

SE: binds Ca, disrupts flora, photosensitivity

37
Q

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline
(Protein synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: binds to 30S, prevents binding of new tRNA to A site

Rx: Broad-spectrum –> bacteriostatic

SE: binds Ca, disrupts flora, photosensitivity

38
Q

Clindamycin

A

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

MOA: binds to 50S, prevents formation of initiation complex and translocation to P site

Rx: ST infections, MRSA

SE: GI, dev. of C. diff.

39
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

MOA: binds to 50S, prevents peptide bond formation

Rx: serious infections, eye infections

SE: ↓ RBC production, Gray Baby Syndrome

40
Q

Linezolid

A

Oxazolidinone
(Protein Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: binds to P site of 50S and targets first tRNA

Rx: Gram (+), resistant strains

SE: myelosuppression

41
Q

Sulfadiazine

A

Sulfonamide
(antifolate)

MOA: compete w/ PABA for dihydropteroate synthase and block dihydrofolic acid synthesis

Rx: UTI

SE: Steven-Johnson syndrome

42
Q

Sulfamethonazole

A

Sulfonamide
(antifolate)

MOA: compete w/ PABA for dihydropteroate synthase and block dihydrofolic acid synthesis

Rx: UTI

SE: Steven-Johnson syndrome

43
Q

Sulfamethizole

A

Sulfonamide
(antifolate)

MOA: compete w/ PABA for dihydropteroate synthase and block dihydrofolic acid synthesis

Rx: UTI

SE: Steven-Johnson syndrome

44
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Trimethoprim
(Antifolate)

MOA: inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

Rx: UTIs

SE: BM suppression

45
Q

Pyrimethamine

A

Trimethoprim
(Antifolate)

MOA: inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

Rx: UTIs

SE: BM suppression

46
Q

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

A

Antifolate

MOA: synergistic activity when combing the two drugs

Rx: UTIs and prostatitis

SE: those seen w/ each agent alone
(BM suppression / Steven-Johnson Syndrome)

47
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone (DNA synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (prevent winding and separation of DNA)

Rx: UTI, STI, respiratory, anthrax

SE: N/V/D, bind divalent cations, QT prolongation

48
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone (DNA synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (prevent winding and separation of DNA)

Rx: UTI, STI, respiratory, anthrax

SE: N/V/D, bind divalent cations, QT prolongation

49
Q

Norfloxacin

A

Least active
Fluoroquinolone (DNA synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (prevent winding and separation of DNA)

Rx: UTI, STI, respiratory, anthrax

SE: N/V/D, bind divalent cations, QT prolongation

50
Q

Ofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone (DNA synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (prevent winding and separation of DNA)

Rx: UTI, STI, respiratory, anthrax

SE: N/V/D, bind divalent cations, QT prolongation

51
Q

Gatifloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone (DNA synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (prevent winding and separation of DNA)

Rx: UTI, STI, respiratory, anthrax

SE: N/V/D, bind divalent cations, QT prolongation

52
Q

Gemifloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone (DNA synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (prevent winding and separation of DNA)

Rx: UTI, STI, respiratory, anthrax

SE: N/V/D, bind divalent cations, QT prolongation

53
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone (DNA synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (prevent winding and separation of DNA)

Rx: UTI, STI, respiratory, anthrax

SE: N/V/D, bind divalent cations, QT prolongation

54
Q

Metronidazole

A

DNA damage

MOA: prodrug; undergoes chemical reduction in organism, binds to DNA, causes damage

Rx: anaerobic bacteria, protozoa

SE: N/V/D, disulfiram-effect (avoid alcohol)

55
Q

Daptomycin

A

Lipopeptide (targets cell membrane)

MOA: causes depolarization of membrane

Rx: Gram (+), MRSA

SE: musculoskeletal system

56
Q

Polymyxin B

A

Detergent
(targets cell membrane)

MOA: binds to phospholipid and disrups cell membrane (LPS)

Rx: Gram (-) bacteria

57
Q

Streptomycin

A

Aminoglycoside
(Protein synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: Bind to 30S, blocks formation of initiation complex

Rx: serious Gram (-) infections (in combo w/ B-lactams)

SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

58
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside
(Protein synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: Bind to 30S, blocks formation of initiation complex

Rx: serious Gram (-) infections (in combo w/ B-lactams)

SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

59
Q

Kanamycin

A

Aminoglycoside
(Protein synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: Bind to 30S, blocks formation of initiation complex

Rx: serious Gram (-) infections (in combo w/ B-lactams)

SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

60
Q

Amikacin

A

Aminoglycoside
(Protein synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: Bind to 30S, blocks formation of initiation complex

Rx: serious Gram (-) infections (in combo w/ B-lactams)

SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

61
Q

Tobramycin

A

Aminoglycoside
(Protein synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: Bind to 30S, blocks formation of initiation complex

Rx: serious Gram (-) infections (in combo w/ B-lactams)

SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

62
Q

Neomycin

A

Aminoglycoside
(Protein synthesis inhibitor)

MOA: Bind to 30S, blocks formation of initiation complex

Rx: serious Gram (-) infections (in combo w/ B-lactams)

SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

63
Q

Nosocomial Superbugs

A 
Enterococcus faeicium
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Acinetobcter baumanni
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter species
64
Q

Daptomycin Resistance

A

Increased positive charge of cell membrane repels antibiotic

65
Q

Tetracycline Resistance

A

Efflux pump is expessed on cytoplasmic membrane

66
Q

Metronidazole Resistance

A

Mutation in reducing enzymes cause impaired activation of prodrug

67
Q

Aminoglycoside Resistance

A

Phosphorylation, adenylation, and acetylation of the aminoglycoside can alter target binding (bacterial ribosome)

68
Q

Amoxicillin Resistance

A

Beta-lactamase can hydrolyze the lactam ring and render it ineffective

69
Q

Trimethoprim / Sulfonamide Resistance

A

Drug-insensitive enzymes dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase

70
Q

Vancomycin Resistance

A

Substitution on the peptidoglycan stem so that agent can no longer bind to target (build wall without D-alanine)

Antimicrobials / Immune-Related (9 decks)

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