Antimicrobic Agents (pt3) Flashcards
Which ionizing radiation nonspecifically alters cellular proteins and nucleic acids by penetrating deep into objects.
Gamma radiation
Which ionizing radiation alters nucleic acids and is used to decontaminate packages?
Electron-beam radiation
Which non-ionizing radiation causes mutations that prevent normal gene expression and DNA replication?
Ultraviolet
Membrane of cellulose acetate & cellulose nitrate has complex system of pores that trap microbes by pore size and chemical affinity to the matrix. What is this known as?
Membrane micropore filters
What does HEPA stand for?
High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filtration
What particles do HEPA filters remove?
99.97% of particles 0.3um and larger removed.
highly effective at containing 0.3 and 0.1um
What are the three types of air filters used?
N95 mask, PAPR (powered air purifying respirator), Biological safety cabinet
Does the PAPR include a HEPA filter?
Yes
What is a contained work area designed to prevent exposure to infectious aerosols and to protect materials and specimens from environmental contamination and it prevents the outflow of infectious agents?
Biological safety cabinet
Describe the characteristics of Glutaraldehyde
High disinfectant / sterilant / not antiseptic
Describe the characteristics of hydrogen peroxide vaporized
High disinfectant / Sterilant / NOT antispetic
Describe the characteristics of hydrogen peroxide aqueous
intermediate disinfectant / NOT a sterilant / Antiseptic
Describe the characteristics of
Iodophors (iodine), Alcohol, quaternary ammonium compounds, and chlorhexidine.
Intermediate disinfectant / NOT sterilant / Antiseptic
What is a chemical substance of natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic origin that inhibits or kills microorganisms and which can be used to treat or control infection?
Antibiotic / Antimicrobic agent
What are the Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis?
Beta-lactam antibiotics
The antibiotic activity of these compounds depends on the integrity of the beta-lactam ring (O=C-N). By altering the nature of the side chains (R), differences in antimicrobic properties can be obtained.
Beta-lactam antibiotics
What are two examples of Beta-lactam antibiotics?
Penicillins and Cephalosporins
Which antimicrobic principle inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis by inhibiting the formation of crosslinks between the polymers of the bacterial cell wall?
Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
What results in
i. Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis
ii. Degradation of formed cell wall through the release of autolytic enzymes
iii. Weakened cell wall loses integrity and can no longer preserve osmotic pressure. Results in cell death and increased phagocytosis.
Beta-lactam antibiotics
What are Beta-lactam antibiotics most effective against?
gram-positive bacteria
