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Pharmacology > Antimicrobials- Names and Mechanisms > Flashcards

Antimicrobials- Names and Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin

A

D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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2
Q

Amoxicillin

A

D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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3
Q

Ampicillin

A

D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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4
Q

Aminopeniciilins

A

D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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5
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins- D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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6
Q

Nafcillin

A

Penicillinase-resistant; D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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7
Q

Oxacillin

A

Penicillinase-resistant; D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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8
Q

Piperacillin

A

Anti-pseudomonal penicillin; D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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9
Q

Ticarcillin

A

Anti-pseudomonal penicillin; D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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10
Q

Cefazolin

A

1st gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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11
Q

Cephalexin

A

1st gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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12
Q

Cefaclor

A

2nd gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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13
Q

Cefoxitin

A

2nd gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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14
Q

Cefuroxime

A

2nd gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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15
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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16
Q

Cefotaxime

A

3rd gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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17
Q

Cefpodoxime

A

3rd gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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18
Q

Ceftazidime

A

3rd gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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19
Q

Cefepime

A

4th gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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20
Q

Ceftaroline

A

5th gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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21
Q

Imipenem

A

Carbapenem: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; binds penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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22
Q

meropenem

A

Carbapenem: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; binds penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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23
Q

ertapenem

A

Carbapenem: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; binds penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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24
Q

doripenem

A

Carbapenem: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; binds penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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25
Q

aztreonam

A

Monobactam: binds to peniciliin-binding protein 3

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26
Q

Vancomycin

A

Inhibits cell wall formation by binding D-ala-D-ala portion of cell wall precursor

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27
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside: Irreversible inhibition of initiation complex through binding of 30S subunit

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28
Q

Neomycin

A

Aminoglycoside: Irreversible inhibition of initiation complex through binding of 30S subunit

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29
Q

Amikacin

A

Aminoglycoside: Irreversible inhibition of initiation complex through binding of 30S subunit

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30
Q

Tobramycin

A

Aminoglycoside: Irreversible inhibition of initiation complex through binding of 30S subunit

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31
Q

Streptomycin

A

Aminoglycoside: Irreversible inhibition of initiation complex through binding of 30S subunit

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32
Q

Tetracycline

A

Tetracycline: Binds to 30S and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA

33
Q

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline: Binds to 30S and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA

34
Q

minocycline

A

Tetracycline: Binds to 30S and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA

35
Q

tigecycline

A

Tetracycline derivative: Binds to 30S and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA

36
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S ribosomal subunit

37
Q

Clindamycin

A

Blocks peptide translocation at 50S ribosomal subunit

38
Q

Linezolid

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 50S subunit and preventing formation of the initiation complex

39
Q

azithromycin

A

Macrolide: inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation by binding to 23S rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit

40
Q

clarithromycin

A

Macrolide: inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation by binding to 23S rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit

41
Q

erythromycin

A

Macrolide: inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation by binding to 23S rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit

42
Q

Sulfamathoxazole

A

Sulfonamide: Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, thus inhibiting folate synthesis

43
Q

sulfisoxazole

A

Sulfonamide: Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, thus inhibiting folate synthesis

44
Q

sulfadiazine

A

Sulfonamide: Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, thus inhibiting folate synthesis

45
Q

Dapsone

A

Similar to sulfonamides (Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, thus inhibiting folate synthesis)

46
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

47
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone: Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II and IV

48
Q

Norfloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone: Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II and IV

49
Q

levofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone: Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II and IV

50
Q

ofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone: Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II and IV

51
Q

moxifloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone: Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II and IV

52
Q

gemifloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone: Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II and IV

53
Q

enoxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone: Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II and IV

54
Q

Daptomycin

A

Lipopeptide that disrupts cell membranes of G+ cocci by creating transmembrane channels

55
Q

Metronidazole

A

Forms toxic free radical metabolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA

56
Q

Rifampin

A

Inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

57
Q

Rifabutin

A

Inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

58
Q

Isoniazid

A

Decreased synthesis of mycolic acids

59
Q

Ethambutol

A

Decreased carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall by blocking arabinosyltransferase

60
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Polyene: Binds ergosterol; forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes

61
Q

Nystatin

A

Polyene: Binds ergosterol; forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes

62
Q

Flucytosine

A

Inhibits DNA and RNA biosynthesis by conversion of 5-fluorouracil by cytosine deaminase

63
Q

Clotrimazole

A

Azole: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cyP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

64
Q

FLuconazole

A

Azole: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cyP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

65
Q

Itraconazole

A

Azole: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cyP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

66
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Azole: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cyP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

67
Q

Miconazole

A

Azole: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cyP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

68
Q

Voriconazole

A

Azole: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cyP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

69
Q

Isavuconazole

A

Azole: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cyP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

70
Q

Terbinafine

A

Inhibits fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase

71
Q

anidulafungin

A

Echinocandins: Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of beta-glucan

72
Q

caspofungin

A

Echinocandins: Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of beta-glucan

73
Q

micafungin

A

Echinocandins: Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of beta-glucan

74
Q

Griseofulvin

A

Interferes with micotubule function; disrupts mitosis

75
Q

oseltamivir

A

Inhibit influenza neuramidase

76
Q

zanamivir

A

inhibit influenza neuramidase

77
Q

acyclovir

A

Guanosine analogs; preferentially inhibit viral DNA polymerase by chain termination

78
Q

famcyclovir

A

Guanosine analogs: preferentially inhibit viral DNA polymerase by chain termination

79
Q

valacyclovir

A

Guanosine analogs: preferentially inhibit viral DNA polymerase by chain termination

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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