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Pharmacology > Antimicrobials- Names and Mechanisms > Flashcards

Antimicrobials- Names and Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin

A

D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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2
Q

Amoxicillin

A

D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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3
Q

Ampicillin

A

D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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4
Q

Aminopeniciilins

A

D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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5
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins- D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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6
Q

Nafcillin

A

Penicillinase-resistant; D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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7
Q

Oxacillin

A

Penicillinase-resistant; D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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8
Q

Piperacillin

A

Anti-pseudomonal penicillin; D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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9
Q

Ticarcillin

A

Anti-pseudomonal penicillin; D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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10
Q

Cefazolin

A

1st gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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11
Q

Cephalexin

A

1st gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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12
Q

Cefaclor

A

2nd gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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13
Q

Cefoxitin

A

2nd gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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14
Q

Cefuroxime

A

2nd gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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15
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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16
Q

Cefotaxime

A

3rd gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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17
Q

Cefpodoxime

A

3rd gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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18
Q

Ceftazidime

A

3rd gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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19
Q

Cefepime

A

4th gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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20
Q

Ceftaroline

A

5th gen cephalosporin: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; bins penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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21
Q

Imipenem

A

Carbapenem: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; binds penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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22
Q

meropenem

A

Carbapenem: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; binds penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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23
Q

ertapenem

A

Carbapenem: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; binds penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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24
Q

doripenem

A

Carbapenem: D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog; binds penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases)

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25
aztreonam
Monobactam: binds to peniciliin-binding protein 3
26
Vancomycin
Inhibits cell wall formation by binding D-ala-D-ala portion of cell wall precursor
27
Gentamicin
Aminoglycoside: Irreversible inhibition of initiation complex through binding of 30S subunit
28
Neomycin
Aminoglycoside: Irreversible inhibition of initiation complex through binding of 30S subunit
29
Amikacin
Aminoglycoside: Irreversible inhibition of initiation complex through binding of 30S subunit
30
Tobramycin
Aminoglycoside: Irreversible inhibition of initiation complex through binding of 30S subunit
31
Streptomycin
Aminoglycoside: Irreversible inhibition of initiation complex through binding of 30S subunit
32
Tetracycline
Tetracycline: Binds to 30S and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA
33
Doxycycline
Tetracycline: Binds to 30S and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA
34
minocycline
Tetracycline: Binds to 30S and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA
35
tigecycline
Tetracycline derivative: Binds to 30S and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA
36
Chloramphenicol
Blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S ribosomal subunit
37
Clindamycin
Blocks peptide translocation at 50S ribosomal subunit
38
Linezolid
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 50S subunit and preventing formation of the initiation complex
39
azithromycin
Macrolide: inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation by binding to 23S rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit
40
clarithromycin
Macrolide: inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation by binding to 23S rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit
41
erythromycin
Macrolide: inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation by binding to 23S rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit
42
Sulfamathoxazole
Sulfonamide: Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, thus inhibiting folate synthesis
43
sulfisoxazole
Sulfonamide: Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, thus inhibiting folate synthesis
44
sulfadiazine
Sulfonamide: Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, thus inhibiting folate synthesis
45
Dapsone
Similar to sulfonamides (Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, thus inhibiting folate synthesis)
46
Trimethoprim
Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
47
Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone: Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II and IV
48
Norfloxacin
Fluoroquinolone: Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II and IV
49
levofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone: Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II and IV
50
ofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone: Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II and IV
51
moxifloxacin
Fluoroquinolone: Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II and IV
52
gemifloxacin
Fluoroquinolone: Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II and IV
53
enoxacin
Fluoroquinolone: Inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase II and IV
54
Daptomycin
Lipopeptide that disrupts cell membranes of G+ cocci by creating transmembrane channels
55
Metronidazole
Forms toxic free radical metabolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA
56
Rifampin
Inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
57
Rifabutin
Inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
58
Isoniazid
Decreased synthesis of mycolic acids
59
Ethambutol
Decreased carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall by blocking arabinosyltransferase
60
Amphotericin B
Polyene: Binds ergosterol; forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes
61
Nystatin
Polyene: Binds ergosterol; forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes
62
Flucytosine
Inhibits DNA and RNA biosynthesis by conversion of 5-fluorouracil by cytosine deaminase
63
Clotrimazole
Azole: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cyP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol
64
FLuconazole
Azole: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cyP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol
65
Itraconazole
Azole: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cyP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol
66
Ketoconazole
Azole: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cyP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol
67
Miconazole
Azole: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cyP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol
68
Voriconazole
Azole: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cyP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol
69
Isavuconazole
Azole: Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cyP450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol
70
Terbinafine
Inhibits fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase
71
anidulafungin
Echinocandins: Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of beta-glucan
72
caspofungin
Echinocandins: Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of beta-glucan
73
micafungin
Echinocandins: Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of beta-glucan
74
Griseofulvin
Interferes with micotubule function; disrupts mitosis
75
oseltamivir
Inhibit influenza neuramidase
76
zanamivir
inhibit influenza neuramidase
77
acyclovir
Guanosine analogs; preferentially inhibit viral DNA polymerase by chain termination
78
famcyclovir
Guanosine analogs: preferentially inhibit viral DNA polymerase by chain termination
79
valacyclovir
Guanosine analogs: preferentially inhibit viral DNA polymerase by chain termination

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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