Antimicrobials I Flashcards
Prototypical penicillins: examples
- Penicillin G
- Procaine [Wycillin®])
- Penicillin V [Pen Vee K®]
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins: examples
Methicillin [Staphcillin®], Nafcillin [Unipen®], Oxacillin
[Prostaphlin®], Dicloxacillin [Dynapen®], Cloxacillin [Tegopen®]
Extended-spectrum penicillins: examples
Amoxicillin [Amoxil®], Ampicillin [Omnipen®],
Antipseudomonal penicillins: wxamples
Ticarcillin [Ticar®], Piperacillin [Pipracil®], Mezlocillin [Mezlin®],
Carbenicillin [Geopen®]
Penicillin plus beta-lactamase inhibitor: examples
Ampicillin/Sulbactam [Unasyn®],
- *Amoxicillin/Clavulanate [Augmentin®**], Ticarcillin/Clavulanate [Timentin®],
- *Piperacillin/Tazobactam [Zosyn®]**
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: drug classes
Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems,
monobactams, vancomycin
Protein synthesis inhibitors: drug classes
Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, Tetracyclines,
Chloramphenicol, Clindamycins, Streptogramins, and Linezolid
Antimetabolites: drug classes
Sulfonamides (SulfamethoxazoleSMX) and Trimethoprim (TMP
Cephalosporins (1st gen.): examples
- Cephalexin
- Cefazolin
Cephalosporins (2nd gen.): examples
- Cefuoxime
- Cefaclor
Cephalosporins (3rd gen.): examples
- Ceftriaxone
- Ceftazidime
- Cefdinir
- Cefepime
Other (non-penicillin/cephalo) cell wall synthesis inhibitors + examples
- Carbapenems: Imipenem / Cilastatin [Primaxin®], Meropenem [Merrem®], Ertapenem [Invanz®]
- Monobactams: Aztreonam [Azactam®]
- Vancomycin [Vancocin®]
Aminoglycosides: examples
Tobramycin [Nebcin®], Gentamicin
Tetracyclines: examples
Tetracycline [Achromycin V®]
Doxycycline [Vibramycin®, Periostat®]
Minocycline [Minocin
Macrolides: examples
Erythromycin
Azithromycin [Zithromax® , Z-Pak®]
Clarithromycin
Lincomycins: examples
Synthetic Agents: examples
Streptogramins: examples
Oxazolidinones: examples
Lincomycins: Clindamycin [Cleocin®, Cleocin-T®]
Synthetic Agents: Chloramphenicol [Chloromycetin®]
Streptogramins: Quinupristin/Dalfopristin [Synercid®]
Oxazolidinones: Linezolid [Zyvox®]
Sulfonamides: examples
Sulfamethoxazole / Trimethoprim [Bactrim®, Septra®]
Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones: examples
Ciprofloxacin [Cipro®]
Levofloxacin [Levaquin®]
Moxifloxacin [Avelox®]
Miscellaneous antibacterials: examples
Daptomycin [Cubicin®]
Polymyxin B
Metronidazole [Flagyl®]
Nitrofurantoin [Furadantin®]
Rifampin [Rifadin®]
Important host factors to consider when administering antibacterials
- Where is the location of the infection -
- Systemic or local?
- Is the patient immunocompromised?
- a bacteriostatic agent in an immunocompromised patient will not be able to eliminate the infection
- Age, pregnancy, and hypersensitivity.
- Susceptibility of organism in the body
