Antimicrobials I

Question 1

Prototypical penicillins: examples

Answer 1

• Penicillin G
• Procaine [Wycillin®])
• Penicillin V [Pen Vee K®]

Question 2

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins: examples

Answer 2

Methicillin [Staphcillin®], Nafcillin [Unipen®], Oxacillin
[Prostaphlin®], Dicloxacillin [Dynapen®], Cloxacillin [Tegopen®]

Question 3

Extended-spectrum penicillins: examples

Answer 3

Amoxicillin [Amoxil®], Ampicillin [Omnipen®],

Question 4

Antipseudomonal penicillins: wxamples

Answer 4

Ticarcillin [Ticar®], Piperacillin [Pipracil®], Mezlocillin [Mezlin®],
Carbenicillin [Geopen®]

Question 5

Penicillin plus beta-lactamase inhibitor: examples

Answer 5

Ampicillin/Sulbactam [Unasyn®],

• *Amoxicillin/Clavulanate [Augmentin®**], Ticarcillin/Clavulanate [Timentin®],
• *Piperacillin/Tazobactam [Zosyn®]**

Question 6

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: drug classes

Answer 6

Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems,
monobactams, vancomycin

Question 7

Protein synthesis inhibitors: drug classes

Answer 7

Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, Tetracyclines,
Chloramphenicol, Clindamycins, Streptogramins, and Linezolid

Question 8

Antimetabolites: drug classes

Answer 8

Sulfonamides (SulfamethoxazoleSMX)
and Trimethoprim (TMP

Question 9

Cephalosporins (1st gen.): examples

Answer 9

• Cephalexin
• Cefazolin

Question 10

Cephalosporins (2nd gen.): examples

Answer 10

• Cefuoxime
• Cefaclor

Question 11

Cephalosporins (3rd gen.): examples

Answer 11

• Ceftriaxone
• Ceftazidime
• Cefdinir
• Cefepime

Question 12

Other (non-penicillin/cephalo) cell wall synthesis inhibitors + examples

Answer 12

• Carbapenems: Imipenem / Cilastatin [Primaxin®], Meropenem [Merrem®], Ertapenem [Invanz®]
• Monobactams: Aztreonam [Azactam®]
• Vancomycin [Vancocin®]

Question 13

Aminoglycosides: examples

Answer 13

Tobramycin [Nebcin®], Gentamicin

Question 14

Tetracyclines: examples

Answer 14

Tetracycline [Achromycin V®]

Doxycycline [Vibramycin®, Periostat®]
Minocycline [Minocin

Question 15

Macrolides: examples

Answer 15

Erythromycin

Azithromycin [Zithromax® , Z-Pak®]

Clarithromycin

Question 16

Lincomycins: examples
Synthetic Agents: examples
Streptogramins: examples
Oxazolidinones: examples

Answer 16

Lincomycins: Clindamycin [Cleocin®, Cleocin-T®]
Synthetic Agents: Chloramphenicol [Chloromycetin®]
Streptogramins: Quinupristin/Dalfopristin [Synercid®]
Oxazolidinones: Linezolid [Zyvox®]

Question 17

Sulfonamides: examples

Answer 17

Sulfamethoxazole / Trimethoprim [Bactrim®, Septra®]

Question 18

Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones: examples

Answer 18

Ciprofloxacin [Cipro®]

Levofloxacin [Levaquin®]

Moxifloxacin [Avelox®]

Question 19

Miscellaneous antibacterials: examples

Answer 19

Daptomycin [Cubicin®]
Polymyxin B
Metronidazole [Flagyl®]
Nitrofurantoin [Furadantin®]
Rifampin [Rifadin®]

Question 20

Important host factors to consider when administering antibacterials

Answer 20

• Where is the location of the infection -
  
  • Systemic or local?
• Is the patient immunocompromised?
  
  • a bacteriostatic agent in an immunocompromised patient will not be able to eliminate the infection
• Age, pregnancy, and hypersensitivity.
• Susceptibility of organism in the body