Antimicrobials, antifungal, disinfectants and antiseptics Flashcards
bacteria
unicellular organisms that have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus
gram positive
simple bacteria with a thick cell wall. absorbs antibiotics and other cleaning products easier; easier to kill
gram negative
more complex cell wall, more difficult to treat or kill
aerobes
bacteria that have oxygen to live and replicate
anaerobes
bacteria that are able to live and multiply without oxygen
virus
infective agents that typically consist of a nuclei acid molecule in a protein coat; need a host to reproduce, not easy to treat
enveloped
surrounded by a lipid membrane and is more sensitive to environmental conditions
non-enveloped
lack the lipid membrane and are more resistant to external environment
protozoa
single celled organisms that move around using cilia flagella
fungi
have symbiotic associations with plants and bacteria
mycology
study of fungi
-cidal
to kill
-static
to inhibit replication through DNA metabolism
broad
kill many different types of bacteria
narrow spectrum
only affect one or two types of bacteria
bactericidal
to kill
bacteriostatic
inhibits bacterial replication
virucidal
kills viruses
protozoistatic
inhibits protozoal replication
fundicidal
kills fungus
mechanisms
either affect the cell wall or stop replication through affecting the DNA, metabolism or enzymes of microorganisms or protein production
resistance
ability of bacteria, virus or organism to resist the effects of medication that could have once treated that particular microbe
residue
accumulation of drug or metabolites in the tissue or food products
penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin
bactericidal, broad spectrum: gram positive and gram negative. UTI, soft tissue and skin infections
cephalosporin
bactericidal, narrow spectrum, no aerobic effect, gram negative ok, gram positive, skin infections
bacitracins
topical cream or ointment, broad spectrum antibiotic, minor skin infections
