Antimicrobials

Question 1

The following are safe to use in patients with severe penicillin allergy:
Piperacillin

Answer 1

False. Piperacillin is a penicillin.

Question 2

The following are safe to use in patients with severe penicillin allergy:
Teicoplanin

Answer 2

True. Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide.

Question 3

The following are safe to use in patients with severe penicillin allergy:
Cefradine

Answer 3

False. Cefradine is a cephalosporin.

Question 4

The following are safe to use in patients with severe penicillin allergy:
Clarithromycin

Answer 4

True. Clarithromycin a macrolide.

Question 5

The following are safe to use in patients with severe penicillin allergy:
Imipenem

Answer 5

False. Imipenem is a carbapenem.

Question 6

The following are effective against anaerobic bacteria:

Imipenem

Answer 6

True. Imipenem covers a very broad spectrum of bacteria including some anaerobes.

Question 7

The following are effective against anaerobic bacteria:

Metronidazole

Answer 7

True. Metronidazole only covers anaerobes and parasites.

Question 8

The following are effective against anaerobic bacteria:

Trimethoprim

Answer 8

False.

Question 9

The following are effective against anaerobic bacteria:

Aztreonam

Answer 9

False. Aztreonam is a monobactam with no useful activity against anaerobes or gram-positive organisms; it covers a wide range of gram-negative bacteria

Question 10

The following are effective against anaerobic bacteria:

Vancomycin

Answer 10

False

Question 11

The following antibiotics are bactericidal:

Piperacillin

Answer 11

True.

Question 12

The following antibiotics are bactericidal:

Cefotaxime

Answer 12

True.

Question 13

The following antibiotics are bactericidal:

Imipenem

Answer 13

True.

Question 14

The following antibiotics are bactericidal:

Clindamycin

Answer 14

False. Clindamycin is a bacteriostatic lincosamide antibiotic

Question 15

The following antibiotics are bactericidal:

Rifampicin

Answer 15

True.

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding antibiotics and their mechanism of action are true?
Benzylpenicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding antibiotics and their mechanism of action are true?
Ceftriaxone binds to the ribosomal subunit to halt bacterial protein synthesis

Answer 17

False. Cephalosporins, including Ceftriaxone, inhibit cell wall synthesis as do all �-lactam antibiotics. Their �-lactam ring binds to proteins and prevents peptidoglycan cross-linkage in the bacterial cell-wall thus weakening it.

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding antibiotics and their mechanism of action are true?
Gentamicin arrests bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal RNA subunit

Answer 18

True.

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding antibiotics and their mechanism of action are true?
Ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding antibiotics and their mechanism of action are true?
Rifampicin inhibits cell wall synthesis

Answer 20

False. Rifampicin binds to the �-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, preventing bacterial protein synthesis.

Question 21

The following antibiotics can be used in the treatment of MRSA:
Clindamycin

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

The following antibiotics can be used in the treatment of MRSA:
Imipenem

Answer 22

False. Carbapenems do not cover MRSA.

Question 23

The following antibiotics can be used in the treatment of MRSA:
Vancomycin

Answer 23

True.
Examples of agents that cover MRSA include: Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, Vancomycin, Clindamycin, Fusidic acid and Teicopleinin.

Question 24

The following antibiotics can be used in the treatment of MRSA:
Flucloxacillin

Answer 24

False

Question 25

The following antibiotics can be used in the treatment of MRSA: Gentamicin

Answer 25

False

Question 26

The following can be used to treat clostridium difficile infection: Ciprofloxacin

Answer 26

False. Ciprofloxacin is thought to increase susceptibility to C.difficile infection.

Question 27

The following can be used to treat clostridium difficile infection: Vancomycin

Answer 27

True. Metronidazole & Vancomycin are commonly used to treat c.difficile.

Question 28

The following can be used to treat clostridium difficile infection: Metronidazole

Answer 28

True.

Question 29

The following can be used to treat clostridium difficile infection: Meropenem

Answer 29

False.

Question 30

The following can be used to treat clostridium difficile infection: Rifampicin

Answer 30

False.

Question 31

The following antibiotics provide good gram-negative cover: | Vancomycin

Answer 31

False. Vancomycin provides only very limited gram-negative cover.

Question 32

The following antibiotics provide good gram-negative cover: | Gentamicin

Answer 32

True.

Question 33

The following antibiotics provide good gram-negative cover: | Ciprofloxacin

Answer 33

True.

Question 34

The following antibiotics provide good gram-negative cover: | Aztreonam

Answer 34

True. Aztreonam provides gram-negative aerobic cover only.

Question 35

The following antibiotics provide good gram-negative cover: | Metronidazole

Answer 35

False. Metronidazole is effective solely against anaerobes and parasites.

Question 36

Regarding antifungals: | Amphotericin B acts by creating pores in the fungal cell membrane

Answer 36

True.

Question 37

Regarding antifungals: | Miconazole is absorbed well orally

Answer 37

False. All azoles are well absorbed orally except Miconazole which is given intravenously.

Question 38

Regarding antifungals: | Amphotericin B can be administered orally

Answer 38

False. Amphotericin B is only administered intravenously.

Question 39

Regarding antifungals: | Azoles work by affecting fungal ergosterol synthesis

Answer 39

True.

Question 40

Regarding antifungals: | Dose adjustment of ketoconazole is required in patients with renal failure

Answer 40

False. Ketoconazole is metabolised in the liver and inactive metabolites are excreted in the bile, hence no dose adjustment is required in renal failure.

Question 41

The following statements are true regarding antimicrobial agents: Fusidic acid causes red discolouration of body fluids

Answer 41

False. Rifampicin causes red discolouration of body fluids.

Question 42

The following statements are true regarding antimicrobial agents: The effects of non-depolarising muscle relaxants can be prolonged by the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics

Answer 42

True. Aminoglycosides increase potency of NDMRs by decreasing pre-junctional release of ACh and reducing the sensitivity of post-junctional receptors to ACh.

Question 43

The following statements are true regarding antimicrobial agents: Tetracycline can cause discolouration of teeth in children

Answer 43

True

Question 44

The following statements are true regarding antimicrobial agents: Metronidazole causes Red Man Syndrome?

Answer 44

False. Vancomycin causes histamine release and associated symptoms including widespread rash known as Red Man Syndrome.

Question 45

The following antibiotics are significantly sensitive to beta-lactamases produced by bacteria: Erythromycin

Answer 45

False. Erythromycin is a macrolide and hence not sensitive to �-lactamases.

Question 46

The following antibiotics are significantly sensitive to beta-lactamases produced by bacteria: Meropenem

Answer 46

False.

Question 47

The following antibiotics are significantly sensitive to beta-lactamases produced by bacteria: Flucloxacillin

Answer 47

False.

Question 48

The following antibiotics are significantly sensitive to beta-lactamases produced by bacteria: Piperacillin

Answer 48

True.

Question 49

The following antibiotics are significantly sensitive to beta-lactamases produced by bacteria: Benzylpenicillin

Answer 49

True.