Antihypertensives Flashcards
T/F
Systemic vascular resistance is increased by:
β2-receptor activation
False. β2-receptor activation causes peripheral vasodilatation.
T/F
Systemic vascular resistance is increased by:
Vasopressin
True. Vasopressin acts on the V1-receptor in smooth muscle to cause vasoconstriction.
T/F
Systemic vascular resistance is increased by:
Atrial natriuretic peptide
False. Atrial natriuretic peptide stimulates guanylyl cyclase and increases smooth muscle relaxation
T/F
Systemic vascular resistance is increased by:
α1-receptor activation
True. α1-receptor activation causes peripheral vasoconstriction.
T/F
Systemic vascular resistance is increased by:
Angiotensin II
True. Angiotensin II acts on AT1-receptors causing arteriolar vasoconstriction.
T/F
Clonidine Is an α1-receptor antagonist
False. Clonidine is an α2 agonist and has some α1 agonist action
T/F
Clonidine Causes a reduction in gastric motility
True. Side effects include dry mouth, sedation, depression, reduced gastric motility and reduced cerebral perfusion.
T/F
Clonidine Causes sedation
True. It can be given via the epidural route at approximately 30 μg/h. It can also be given orally.
T/F
Clonidine Cannot be given via the epidural route
False
T/F
Clonidine Decreases cerebral blood flow
True
T/F Sodium Nitroprusside Can be given orally
False. Can only be given intravenously once it has been reconstituted from a powder preparation.
T/F Sodium Nitroprusside Attenuates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
True. It can increase shunt by impairing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
T/F Sodium Nitroprusside Breaks down into five cyanide ions for every SNP molecule
True. Broken down non-enzymatically within red blood cells to produce five cyanide ions per molecule.
T/F Sodium Nitroprusside Acts solely on arterioles
False. It acts mainly on arterioles but can affect venules.
T/F Sodium Nitroprusside Shifts the cerebral autoregulation curve to the right
False. Cerebral autoregulation is maintained during SNP infusion.
T/F Nifedipine is in the same class as Diltiazem
False. Nifedipine works in a similar way to Amlodipine.
T/F Nifedipine causes reflex tachycardia
True. Peripheral arteriolar vasodilatation can cause a rebound tachycardia
T/F Nifedipine can reduce the MAC of a volatile agent
True
T/F Nifedipine inhibits thromboxane production
True
T/F Nifedipine causes bronchodilation
False. Has no effect on bronchioles
T/F Hydralazine is metabolised by acetylation
True. Hydralazine is metabolized to acetylated and hydroxylated metabolites.
T/F Hydralazine Is thought to work via β2-receptor stimulation
False. It is thought to work by increasing intracellular cGMP.
T/F Hydralazine can cause lupus like symptoms
True. Lupus type syndrome can be seen particularly after long term use in women.
T/F Hydralazine is contraindicated in pregnancy
False. It is given intravenously in severe pregnancy induced hypertension.
T/F Hydralazine can be given orally
True. It can be given orally but bioavailability is variable, from 25-55%.
