Antimicrobials Flashcards
Name the 6 major classes of antibiotics
B-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins)
Phenicols
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Sulfas
Fluoroquinolones
Time dependent antibiotics require levels above MIC for more than _____% of the dosing interval
75%
T/F: it is imperative that concentration dependent antibiotics remain above the MIC for most of the dosing interval
False - time above MIC doesn’t matter for concentration dependent drugs
Levels several times the MIC can even increase the drugs effectiveness
Name the 2 classes of cidals
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
I remember this by those bugs are “dead AF”
Which class of antibiotic can fit into both the static and cidal group?
Penicillins
Spectrum of penicillin
Gram (+) and anaerobes
According to Currin, “it’s one of the best antimicrobials against anaerobes we have”
What is the APPROPRIATE dose of PPG?
Appropriate dose: 3.5CC/100lb IM QD/BID
Labeled for 1CC/100lb (not nearly enough)
Why do we recommend testing milk following PPG administration in dairy cows?
PPG MW is highly variable
How does using 3.5CC/100lb dose of PPG change the slaughter withdrawal?
30 days! (Compared to the label 10d)
What is special about ampicillin’s formulation?
Comes as a powder that you can add 3 different volumes of water to create varying concentrations
What is the advantage to using ampicillin over PPG in a dairy situation?
Ampicillin has a shorter MW (48h); if given PPG, milk must be tested
What generation cephalosporin is ceftiofur?
3rd
T/F: Ceftiofur works well against gram (-) and some gram (+)
True
Discuss the weird regulations that go along with 3rd generation cephalosporins
Can adjust INDICATION, but not dose, route, or duration
Why is excenel the #1 used antimicrobial in dairy medicine?
NO MW <3
Excede is the ____acting version of ceftiofur
Long
What specific bacteria does Excede last 7-10d against?
Mannheimia haemolytica
Excede is good for respiratory disease
Where is excede injected?
Base of the ear
(Used to be given in the middle 1/3 of the ear, but that’s changed)
T/F: Florfenicol is the “idiot” antibiotic per Dr. Currin
True :)
What is the best drug we have for penetrating the BBB?
Florfenicol
Resflor = _______ + _______
Flunixin + Florfenicol
Why is it important to give IV nuflor slowly?
Animal risks going down if given too quickly
Propylene glycol suspected to cause this
T/F: daily injections of Tilmicosin (Micotil) will prolong your life by 30 years
FALSE - could actually kill you - how fun :’)
Can also kill piggies
Tulathromycin, Tilmicosin, Gamithromycin and Tildipirosin are all members of which antibiotic class?
Macrolides
Why shouldn’t macrolides be used in lactating dairy cows?
Affinity for fatty tissue and incredibly long withdrawals
What are the most common indications for oxytetracycline?
Foot rot
Pink eye
Spectrum of activity of tetracyclines…
Gram (+) and (-)
T/F: Macrolides are commonly used for metaphylaxis and treatment of respiratory disease.
True
What antibiotic class do we use to treat for coccidia?
Sulfas!
What does the FDA restriction say about the use of fluoroquinolones?
Can only be used according to the label
What is the spectrum of activity of fluoroquinolones?
Gram (-)
T/F: Macrolides maintain higher concentrations for longer in the plasma than they do the lungs.
False - Macrolides love the lungs
T/F: The route of administration of oxytetracycline has minimal effect on pharmacokinetics.
False - Oxytetracycline given IV reaches higher serum levels than IM. IM/SQ can be used when treating things like foot rot, but if you’re dealing with a toxic mastitis, should be giving IV.
