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Microbiology > Antimicrobial agents > Flashcards

Antimicrobial agents Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Beta Lactams

  • Target?
  • classes?
  • examples?
  • used to treat?
A
  • Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems
  • Benzylpenicillin, ceftriaxone, meropenem
  • Treats Gram +ves, and 3rd generation ceph’s and carb’s treat some Gram -ve
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2
Q

Glycopeptides

  • Target?
  • examples?
  • used to treat?
A
  • Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Vancomycin, Teicoplanin
  • MRSA, C.Diff
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3
Q

Aminoglycosides

  • Target?
  • examples?
  • used to treat?
A
  • Inhibit protein synthesis
  • Gentamicin
  • Gram negative sepsis
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4
Q

Tetracyclines

  • Target?
  • examples?
  • used to treat?
A
  • Inhibit protein synthesis
  • Doxycycline
  • Intracellular - chlamydia
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5
Q

Macrolides

  • Target?
  • examples?
  • used to treat?
A
  • Inhibit Protein synthesis
  • Erythromycin
  • Gram +ve (PCN allergy)
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6
Q

Chloramphenicol

  • Target?
  • examples?
  • used to treat?
A
  • Inhibit protein synthesis
  • Eye drops
  • Bacterial conjunctivitis
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7
Q

Oxazolidinones

  • Target?
  • examples?
  • used to treat?
A
  • Inhibit protein synthesis
  • Linezolid
  • Gram +ve, MRSA +VRE
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8
Q

Fluoroquinolones

  • Target?
  • examples?
  • used to treat?
A
  • Inhibit DNA synthesis
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Gram -ve
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9
Q

Nitroimidazoles

  • Target?
  • examples?
  • used to treat?
A
  • Inhibit DNA synthesis
  • Metronidazole
  • Anaerobes and Protozoa
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10
Q

Rifamycin

  • Target?
  • examples?
  • used to treat?
A
  • Inhibit RNA synthesis
  • Rifampicin
  • Mycobacteria- used in TB
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11
Q

Polymyxin

  • Target?
  • examples?
  • used to treat?
A
  • Cell membrane toxin
  • Colistin
  • Gram -ve
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12
Q

Cyclic lipopeptide

  • Target?
  • examples?
  • used to treat?
A
  • Cell membrane toxin
  • Daptomycin
  • Gram +ve, MRSA + VRE
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13
Q

Sulfonamides

  • Target?
  • examples?
  • used to treat?
A
  • Inhibit folate metabolism
  • Sulphamethoxazole
  • PCP
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14
Q

Diaminopyrimidines

  • Target?
  • examples?
  • used to treat?
A
  • Inhibit folate metabolism
  • Trimethoprim
  • UTI
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15
Q

Name 2 of the most common Gram +ve organisms

A

Staphylococcus Streptococcus

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16
Q

Name 2 of the most common Gram -ve organisms

A

E. coli Psuedomonas

17
Q

Define a broad-spectrum antibiotic

A

An antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is only effective against specific families of bacteria.

18
Q

List 4 commonly prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics

A

Co-amoxiclav Tazocin Ciprofloxacin Meropenem

19
Q

List 3 commonly prescribed narrow-spectrum antibiotics

A

Flucloxacillin Metronidazole Gentamicin

20
Q

The mnemonic BEAT is used to remember the 4 mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. List the 4 mechanisms and give an example of each

A
  • Bypass antibiotic-sensitive step in pathways (eg MRSA) - Enzyme-mediated drug inactivation (eg beta-lactamases) - Accumulation impairment (eg tetracycline resistance) - Target modification (eg quinolone resistance)
21
Q

What is the most common causative organism for skin infections?

A

Staph aureus

22
Q

Which antibiotic is typically used for the empirical treatment of skin infections?

A

Flucloxacillin (unless allergic or MRSA +ve)

23
Q

What is the most common causative organism for pharyngitis?

A

Beta-haemolytic strep

24
Q

Which antibiotic is typically used for the empirical treatment of pharyngitis?

A

Benzylpenicllin

25
Q

Which antibiotic is typically used for the empirical treatment of mild community-acquired pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin

26
Q

Which 2 antibiotics are typically used for the empirical treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia?

A

Cefuroxime and Clarithromycin

27
Q

Which antibiotic is typically used for the empirical treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia?

A

Cefuroxime

28
Q

What are the 2 most common causative organisms for bacterial meningitis?

A

Meningococcus / streptococcus

29
Q

Which antibiotic is typically used for the empirical treatment of bacterial meningitis?

A

Ceftriaxone OR Amoxicillin if listeria suspected - ie if pt is very young, old or immunocompromised

30
Q

Which antibiotic is typically used for the empirical treatment of community acquired UTI?

A

Trimethoprim (for 3 days)

31
Q

Which antibiotic is typically used for the empirical treatment of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) UTI?

A

Co-amoxiclav OR Cephalexin

32
Q

Which antibiotics are typically used for the empirical treatment of severe sepsis?

A

Cefuroxime, Metronidazole +/- Gentamicin

33
Q

Which antibiotics are typically used for the empirical treatment of neutropaenic sepsis?

A

Tazocin + Gentamicin

34
Q

What is the most common causative organism for bacterial colitis?

A

Clostridium difficile

35
Q

Which antibiotic is typically used for the empirical treatment of bacterial colitis?

A

Metronidazole PO (+ any cephalosporins must be STOPPED)

Microbiology (27 decks)

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