Antihypertensive drugs

Question 1

cardiac output

Answer 1

stroke volume*peripheral vascular resistance

Question 2

short term goal for BP control

Answer 2

sympathetic nervous system
through baroreceptor
response to postural changers and physical activity

Question 3

long term goal for BP control

Answer 3

Kidneys
regulation of plasma volume
regulation of renin angiotensine aldosterone axis
response to postural changes and physical activity

Question 4

antihypertensive drug categories

Answer 4

vasodialators(calcium channel blockers)
B blockers
A blockers
angiotensine receptor blockers
centrally active sympatholytics
ACE inhibitors
Diuretics

Question 5

VASODIALATORS

Answer 5

blocks calcium in plasma membranes of smooth muscle
causes relaxation of smooth muscle
affects arterial than venous smooth muscle

Question 6

2 types of vasodialators

Answer 6

dihydropyridine and nondihydropyridine

Question 7

dihydropyridine (dipine)

Answer 7

amelodipine
felodipine
nifedipine

Question 8

Dihydrodipidne ADR

Answer 8

notorius for reflex tach

Question 9

nonhydropyridine

Answer 9

verapamil

dilitiazem

Question 10

nonhydropyridine affects

Answer 10

cardiac tissues

decrease Heart rate/cardiac output

Question 11

ADR for calcium channelblockers

Answer 11

hypotension
dizziness
edema
headache
tachycardia
AV block/vradycardia

Question 12

other vasodialators

Answer 12

hydralaziine

Question 13

hydralazine

Answer 13

direct vasodialators of arterioles

reserved for treatment resistant HTN

Question 14

ADR of hydralazine

Answer 14

Reflex tach

lupus like syndrome

Question 15

Nitroprusside

Answer 15

direct vasodialators of both arteries and veins

used for HTN emergencies

Question 16

Nitroprusside short term

Answer 16

metabolized to cyanide
short time therapy
needs thiocyanate monitoring

Question 17

B-BLOCKERS

Answer 17

blockers B receptors in the heart-reduces CO by reducing HR and contractility.
blocks renin secretion and reduce sympathetic outflow

Question 18

B-Blockers

Answer 18

selective
non selective
alpha and beta blockers

Question 19

Selective

Answer 19

blocks B-1

Question 20

selective B blocker drugs (olol)

Answer 20

atenolol
bisoprolol
esmolol
metaprolol
nebivolol

Question 21

Non selective B blockers

Answer 21

blocks B1 and2

Question 22

Non selective drugs (olol)

Answer 22

propanolol
nadolol
timolol

Question 23

A and B blockers

Answer 23

carvedolol

labetolol

Question 24

ALPHABLOCKERS

Answer 24

drugs inhibit the alpha recpeptors
inhibit sympathetic stimulation of arterial contraction
decrease PVR

Question 25

Alpha 1 blockers (zosin)

Answer 25

Doxazosin Prazosin terazosin

Question 26

ANGIOTENSION RECEPTOR BLOCKERS

Answer 26

Blocks angiotensin II and increases PVR

Question 27

angiotensin receptors

Answer 27

AT1 and AT2

Question 28

functions of AT1

Answer 28

contraction of vascular smooth muscle secretion of aldosterone increase Na absorption stimulation of cell growth in arteries and heart

Question 29

functions of AT2

Answer 29

plays a role in normal cardio and metabolic functions

Question 30

ARB drugs (sartans)

Answer 30

Candesartan Losartan Telmeisartan valsartan

Question 31

ADRs of ARBs

Answer 31

``` hypotension hyperkalemia elevted liver enzyme exacerbate existing kidney disease should not be used on pregnant ladies ```

Question 32

Centrally acting sympatholytics

Answer 32

Clonidine

Question 33

clonidine functions

Answer 33

blocks alpha blockers,prevents NE reuptake from the sympathetic junction.inhibits sympathetic outflow

Question 34

Clonidine ADR

Answer 34

``` more than any other Anti HTN drugs since it is working in the brain, fatigue sedation lower mental acuity dry mouth Rebound HTN ```

Question 35

Other applications of Clonidine

Answer 35

helps with drug withdrawal and addiction migraine prevention ADHD

Question 36

clonidine is administered via

Answer 36

injection oral transdermal epidural for cancer patients who is pain med tolerant

Question 37

ACE INHIBITOR

Answer 37

Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Question 38

functions

Answer 38

decrease vasoconstritction decrease aldsterone production decrease NA reabsorption by the kindeys

Question 39

ADR for ACE Inhibitors

Answer 39

same as ARBs Drycough due to the bradykini presence in the respiratory system Angioedema-swelling of lips and skin and mucosa,enough to cut of O2 in the respiratory system. Renoprotective in Dm patients categoryC/D in pregant women ( not to be given)

Question 40

Ace inhibotors

Answer 40

PRILS

Question 41

PRILS

Answer 41

``` Benzopril captopril enalapril lisinopril ramipril ```

Question 42

DIURETICS

Answer 42

drugs that increas Na excretion, resulting in natriuresis brings about antihypertensvie activity

Question 43

two types of diuretics

Answer 43

Hydrochlorothiozide( thiazides) | potassium sparing diuretics

Question 44

hydrochlorothiozide (thiazides)

Answer 44

functions blocks the Na reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule if used in weeks or months-decreased PVR in the arterial smooth muscle cells due to Na depletion

Question 45

thiazides

Answer 45

used with other drugs prevents fluid retention often used with arbs and aces,since thiazides trigger renins synthesis

Question 46

ADR for thiazides

Answer 46

``` hypotension,dizziness headache hyponatremia hyperkalemia Increased blood glucose level ```

Question 47

Potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 47

amiloride triamterne spironolactone

Question 48

Amiloride/Triamterene functions

Answer 48

Na channel blocker inhibits Na reabsorption at late distal convoluted tubule reduces the secretion of K

Question 49

Spironolactone functions

Answer 49

Aldosterone antagonist blocks the gene tht activates aldosterone prevents sodium reabsorption prevents potassium excretion

Question 50

Potassium sparing diuretics functions

Answer 50

used with other drugs to lower BP | Prevents compensatory fluid retention if used toe ACE I and ARBS

Question 51

ADRs of potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 51

Hypotension,hypotension,hyperkalemia