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pharmacology 510 > Antihypertensive drugs > Flashcards

Antihypertensive drugs Flashcards

1
Q

cardiac output

A

stroke volume*peripheral vascular resistance

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2
Q

short term goal for BP control

A

sympathetic nervous system
through baroreceptor
response to postural changers and physical activity

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3
Q

long term goal for BP control

A

Kidneys
regulation of plasma volume
regulation of renin angiotensine aldosterone axis
response to postural changes and physical activity

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4
Q

antihypertensive drug categories

A 
vasodialators(calcium channel blockers)
B blockers
A blockers
angiotensine receptor blockers
centrally active sympatholytics
ACE inhibitors
Diuretics
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5
Q

VASODIALATORS

A

blocks calcium in plasma membranes of smooth muscle
causes relaxation of smooth muscle
affects arterial than venous smooth muscle

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6
Q

2 types of vasodialators

A

dihydropyridine and nondihydropyridine

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7
Q

dihydropyridine (dipine)

A

amelodipine
felodipine
nifedipine

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8
Q

Dihydrodipidne ADR

A

notorius for reflex tach

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9
Q

nonhydropyridine

A

verapamil

dilitiazem

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10
Q

nonhydropyridine affects

A

cardiac tissues

decrease Heart rate/cardiac output

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11
Q

ADR for calcium channelblockers

A 
hypotension
dizziness
edema
headache
tachycardia
AV block/vradycardia
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12
Q

other vasodialators

A

hydralaziine

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13
Q

hydralazine

A

direct vasodialators of arterioles

reserved for treatment resistant HTN

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14
Q

ADR of hydralazine

A

Reflex tach

lupus like syndrome

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15
Q

Nitroprusside

A

direct vasodialators of both arteries and veins

used for HTN emergencies

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16
Q

Nitroprusside short term

A

metabolized to cyanide
short time therapy
needs thiocyanate monitoring

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17
Q

B-BLOCKERS

A

blockers B receptors in the heart-reduces CO by reducing HR and contractility.
blocks renin secretion and reduce sympathetic outflow

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18
Q

B-Blockers

A

selective
non selective
alpha and beta blockers

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19
Q

Selective

A

blocks B-1

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20
Q

selective B blocker drugs (olol)

A 
atenolol
bisoprolol
esmolol
metaprolol
nebivolol
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21
Q

Non selective B blockers

A

blocks B1 and2

22
Q

Non selective drugs (olol)

A

propanolol
nadolol
timolol

23
Q

A and B blockers

A

carvedolol

labetolol

24
Q

ALPHABLOCKERS

A

drugs inhibit the alpha recpeptors
inhibit sympathetic stimulation of arterial contraction
decrease PVR

25
Q

Alpha 1 blockers (zosin)

A

Doxazosin
Prazosin
terazosin

26
Q

ANGIOTENSION RECEPTOR BLOCKERS

A

Blocks angiotensin II and increases PVR

27
Q

angiotensin receptors

A

AT1 and AT2

28
Q

functions of AT1

A

contraction of vascular smooth muscle
secretion of aldosterone
increase Na absorption
stimulation of cell growth in arteries and heart

29
Q

functions of AT2

A

plays a role in normal cardio and metabolic functions

30
Q

ARB drugs (sartans)

A

Candesartan
Losartan
Telmeisartan
valsartan

31
Q

ADRs of ARBs

A 
hypotension
hyperkalemia
elevted liver enzyme
exacerbate existing kidney disease
should not be used on pregnant ladies
32
Q

Centrally acting sympatholytics

A

Clonidine

33
Q

clonidine functions

A

blocks alpha blockers,prevents NE reuptake from the sympathetic junction.inhibits sympathetic outflow

34
Q

Clonidine ADR

A 
more than any other Anti HTN drugs
since it is working in the brain,
fatigue
sedation
lower mental acuity
dry mouth
Rebound HTN
35
Q

Other applications of Clonidine

A

helps with drug withdrawal and addiction
migraine prevention
ADHD

36
Q

clonidine is administered via

A

injection
oral
transdermal
epidural for cancer patients who is pain med tolerant

37
Q

ACE INHIBITOR

A

Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

38
Q

functions

A

decrease vasoconstritction
decrease aldsterone production
decrease NA reabsorption by the kindeys

39
Q

ADR for ACE Inhibitors

A

same as ARBs
Drycough due to the bradykini presence in the respiratory system
Angioedema-swelling of lips and skin and mucosa,enough to cut of O2 in the respiratory system.
Renoprotective in Dm patients
categoryC/D in pregant women ( not to be given)

40
Q

Ace inhibotors

A

PRILS

41
Q

PRILS

A 
Benzopril
captopril
enalapril
lisinopril
ramipril
42
Q

DIURETICS

A

drugs that increas Na excretion,
resulting in natriuresis
brings about antihypertensvie activity

43
Q

two types of diuretics

A

Hydrochlorothiozide( thiazides)

potassium sparing diuretics

44
Q

hydrochlorothiozide (thiazides)

A

functions
blocks the Na reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
if used in weeks or months-decreased PVR in the arterial smooth muscle cells due to Na depletion

45
Q

thiazides

A

used with other drugs
prevents fluid retention
often used with arbs and aces,since thiazides trigger renins synthesis

46
Q

ADR for thiazides

A 
hypotension,dizziness
headache
hyponatremia
hyperkalemia
Increased blood glucose level
47
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics

A

amiloride
triamterne
spironolactone

48
Q

Amiloride/Triamterene functions

A

Na channel blocker
inhibits Na reabsorption at late distal convoluted tubule
reduces the secretion of K

49
Q

Spironolactone functions

A

Aldosterone antagonist
blocks the gene tht activates aldosterone
prevents sodium reabsorption
prevents potassium excretion

50
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics functions

A

used with other drugs to lower BP

Prevents compensatory fluid retention if used toe ACE I and ARBS

51
Q

ADRs of potassium sparing diuretics

A

Hypotension,hypotension,hyperkalemia

pharmacology 510 (9 decks)

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