Antidotes Flashcards by Brian Andrew

Acetaminophen

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

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AChE inhibitors (organophosphates)

Atropine followed by pralidoxime (bind to organophosphate-inactivated AChE)

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Amphetamines

NH₄Cl (acidifes urine)

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Antimuscarinics, anticholinergics

Physostigmine (crosses BBB), control hyperthermia

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Benzos

Flumazenil

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Beta blockers

Glucagon

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Carbon monoxide

Oxygen

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Copper, arsenic, gold

Penicillamine

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Cyanide

Nitrites (oxidize hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which more avidly binds cyanide), thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin

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Digitalis

Anti-dig Fab fragments

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Heparin

Protamine sulfate

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Iron

Deferoxamine, deferasirox

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Lead

EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, pencillamine

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Mercury, arsenic, gold

Dimercaprol (BAL), succimer

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Methanol, ethyelene glycol (antifreeze)

Fomepizole > ethanol, dialysis

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Methemoglobin (hemoglobin carries Fe⁺³)

Methylene blue (helps reduce Fe⁺³ back to Fe⁺²), vitamin C

Opioids

Naloxone

Salicylates

NaHCO₃ (alkalinize urine), diaysis

TCAs

NaHCO₃ (alkalinize plasma)

tPA, streptokinase, urokinase

Aminocaproic acid (inhibits plasmin)

Warfarin

Vitamin K, FFP