ANTIDIABETICS

Question 1

Rapid-acting Insulins

Answer 1

• SC, IV 15 min before a meal
• insulin analogs
• Insulin Lispro, Insulin Aspart, Insulin Glulisine
• given to mimic the prandial release of Insulin

-usually given w/ a longer acting Insulin to assure proper glucose control

Question 2

Short-acting insulins

Answer 2

• regular Insulin: short acting soluble crystalline zinc Insulin
• given 30 min before meal
• SC; IV in emergencies

Question 3

Intermediate-acting Insulins

Answer 3

• Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) aka Isophane Insulin
• suspension of crystalline zinc Insulin combines w/ protamine
• SC only
• used for basal control
• usually given with rapid or short acting Insulin for mealtime control

Question 4

Long-acting Insulins

Answer 4

• Insulin Glargine, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Degludec

- Insulin hexamers = slow the absorption of Insulin into blood

Question 5

Drugs that can cause Hypoglycemia

Answer 5

Ethanol
Salicylates
Beta-blockers

Question 6

Drugs that can cause Hyperglycemia

Answer 6

Epinephrine 
Glucocorticoids 
Atypical antipsychotics 
HIV protease inhibitors 
Phenytoin
Clonidine
Ca2+ channel blockers
Diuretics