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Pharm II > Antidiabetic agents > Flashcards

Antidiabetic agents Flashcards

0
Q

diazoxide functions (3)

A

directly inhibit insulin secretion
decreased peripheral glucose utilization
increased hepatic glucose production

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1
Q

diazoxide drug type (3 things)

A

non-diuretic thiazide
vasodilator
hyperglycemic

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2
Q

sulfonylureas MOA (2)

A

stimulate insulin release from pancreatic B-cells

indirectly potentiate action of insulin on target tissues

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3
Q

Tolbutamine, Chlorpropamide, Tolzamide drug class

A

Sulfonylureas 1st gen

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4
Q

sulfonylureas adverse effects (3)

A

renal disease
hepatic dysfunction
weight gain

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5
Q

sulfonylureas contraindications

A

renal disease
hepatic dysfunction
sulfa

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6
Q

tolbutamide (2 special characteristics)

A

rapid

safest in the elderly

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7
Q

chlorpropamide (2 special things)

A

disulfram-like effect

worst hypoglycemia

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8
Q

1st gen sulfonylureas (3)

A

Tolbutamide
Chlorpropamide
Tolzamide

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9
Q

Glyburide, Gliphizide, Glimepiride

drug class

A

2nd gen sulfonylureas

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10
Q

2nd gen sulfonylureas (3)

A

Glyburide
Glipizide
Glimepiride

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11
Q

Glyburide

A

worst hypoglycemia

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12
Q

Glipizide (special characteristic)

A

least hypoglycemia of 2nd gens

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13
Q

Glimepiride (2)

A

daily dosing

smaller hypoglycemic effect

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14
Q

meglitinides (2)

A

Repaglinide (Prandin)

Nateglinide (Starlix)

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15
Q

Repaglinide & Nateglinide drug class

A

Meglitinides

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16
Q

meglitinides MOA

A

binds to receptors on K+ channels on B-cells —> increased insulin release

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17
Q

meglitinides effects (3)

A

decreased postprandial glucose
rapid/short action
decreased HbA1c

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18
Q

meglitinides administration (3)

A

oral
preprandial administration
peak effect at 1 hour

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19
Q

meglitinides cautions/contraindications (3)

A

not used w/ sulfonylureas
caution w/ liver impairment
hypoglycemia

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20
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) actions (4)

A

increased glucose uptake (increased insulin action)
decreased glucose absorption from the GI
decreased glucagon
decreased gluconeogenesis

21
Q

Metformin bonus effects (3)

A

dereased plasma TGs
no weight gain
decreased macrovascular events

22
Q

Metformin adverse effects (3)

A

lactic acidosis
crazy diarrhea
n/v

23
Q

metformin contraindications

A 
Lactic Acidosis conditions: renal/hepatic disease, alcoholism
tissue hypoxia (CHF, COPD)
24
Q

thiazolidinediones/TZDs (2)

A

Pioglitazone (Actos)

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

25
Q

Pioglitazone (Actos) & Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

drug class

A

TZDs

26
Q

TZD MOA (3)

A

insulin sensitizers
insulin-mimetic action via ligands of the nuclear PPAR receptor
increase glucose transporter synthesis in adipose

27
Q

TZD effects (3)

A

decreased insulin resistance
long term TG decrease
slight increase in HDL

28
Q

TZD special use

A

prophylactic for type 2 diabetes

29
Q

TZD that is contraindicated in hx MI or angina

A

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

30
Q

TZD adverse effects (5)

A 
edema
weight gain
back pain
fatigue
headache
31
Q

a-glucosidase inhibitors (2)

A

Acarbose (Precose)

Miglitol (Glyset)

32
Q

Acarbose (Precose) & Miglitol (Glyset)

drug class

A

a-glucosidase inhibitors

33
Q

a-glucosidase inhibitor MOA & effect

A

inhibit a-glucosidases in small intestine —> delayed carbohydrate digestion & absorption —> reduced glucose absorption

34
Q

a-glucosidase results (4)

A

decreased postprandial glucose
minimal effects of fasting glucose
decreased HA1c
no weight effects

35
Q

adverse effects of a-glucosidase inhibitors (3)

A

GI- farting!!
increased hepatic enzymes
jaundice

36
Q

a-glucosidase inhibitor contraindications (3)

A

GI disease
hepatic disease
renal impairment

37
Q

incretin mimetic MOA and effects (3)

A

resistant to degradation by DPP-IV
increased insulin
decreased glucagon release
decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis

38
Q

incretin mimetics (3)

A

Exenatide (Byetta)
Liraglutide (Victoza)
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)

39
Q

Exenatide (Byetta), Liraglutide (Victoza), Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
drug class & MOA

A

incretin mimetics

resistant to degradation by DPP-IV

40
Q

incretin mimetics effects on diabetes (3)

A

decreased postprandial & fasting glucose
increased B-cell number & function
slows gastric emptying —> weight loss

41
Q

Exenatide administration?

A

injected about 60 min before meals

42
Q

incretin mimetic adverse effects (4)

A

GI
hypoglycemia in combo therapy
hypersens. to injection
pancreatitis

43
Q

DPP-IV inhibitor MOA & effects (2)

A

potentiates effects of incretin hormones
decrease postprandial & fasting glucose
modest decr. HA1c

44
Q

-gliptin drugs are which class

A

DPP-IV inhibitors

45
Q

DPP-IV inhibitors have what suffix

A

-gliptin

46
Q

DPP-IV inhibitor contraindications

A

slow GI disease

renal impairment

47
Q

Pramlintide (Symlin) drug type

A

amylin-like peptide

48
Q

Pramlintide use

A

adjunct to insulin in Type 1 and 2

49
Q

Pramlintide MOA & effects (4)

A

works with insulin to decrease gastric emptying
decreased postprandial glucose
decreased appetite/weight loss
decreased HbA1c

50
Q

Pramlintide administration

A

injection 3x dailey w/ bolus of insulin

Pharm II (14 decks)

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