anticancer Flashcards
what are most cancers
monoclonal
originate from 1 defective cell
what is the evidence of cancers being monoclonal
G6PDH isoenzymes
2 different forms on X chromosome
neoplasia
excess proliferation
without relation to normal growth or repair
growth may be fast but
doesnt exceed the fastest growing tissues
benign
proliferate locally
retain tissue characteristics with defined boundaries
still uncontrolled growth but stays in the same place
malignant
not encapsulated
projections extend into surrounding tissues
loss of tissue specificity (high rate of mutation)
metastases
secondary tumour
spreads by invading surrounding tissues
if cancer is not a linear process what is it
multi step
increase in cancer with age
approx - proportional to 6th power
causes of cancers
radiations- free radicals
chemical carcinogenesis
viral
chromosomal
chemical carcinogenesis 19th century
tar
shale oil
lubricating oil
polyaromatic hydrocarbons example
benzo(a)pyrene
benzo(a)pyrene what does it do
its converted into a compound that pairs with T
causes GC—-AT in F1
because of the bulk of the compound
what does croton oil containing phorbol esters do
its not carcinogenic
activates PKC
promotes cancers when paired with polyaromatic hydrocarbons
what does the ras GTPase do when treated in vitro with BPDE and gtransfected
mutations are found at pos 12, 13 and 61
same as several human cancers
viral oncogenesis
what is Rous
transmissible tumour in chickens
on connective tissues in young adults
