antibodies Flashcards
what is the structure of antibodies
4 polypeptides
- 2 heavy chains - make up the Y shape
- 2 light chains - attached to the outside of the Y shape \/
Y shaped molecule
flexible + varied -
what is the role of antibodies
- bind + inactivate foreign substances - pathogens + toxins
- activate the complement system to destroy bacterial cells by lysis
- binding of Fc receptors
what Is the acute phase response
-C-reactive protein is produced by the liver in response to inflammation
-a high CRP in the blood is a marker of inflammation
-caused by a wide variety of conditions from infection to cancer
-high CRP can also indicate inflammation on the heart
IgG functions
immunity to newborns
secreted into blood + removes pathogens from blood + tissues
neutralisation of toxins
IgG3 binds to Fc receptor by Phagocytosis
IgM functions
activates classical pathway
acts as an opsonin
IgA
secretory antibody - protect against mucosal membranes
effective against influenza virus
>–< structure - two joined via joining protein
IgD
activates B cells
a receptor for antigen binding
IgE
binds to Fc receptor on eosinophils and mast cells — tissues
release histamines
involved in allergies/asthma
what chemicals do eosinophils produce
- peroxidase,
- ribonuclease,
- deoxyribonuclease,
- lipase, plasminogen,
- major basic protein to damage parasites