antibodies

Question 1

what is the structure of antibodies

Answer 1

4 polypeptides
- 2 heavy chains - make up the Y shape
- 2 light chains - attached to the outside of the Y shape \/
Y shaped molecule
flexible + varied -

Question 2

what is the role of antibodies

Answer 2

1. bind + inactivate foreign substances - pathogens + toxins
2. activate the complement system to destroy bacterial cells by lysis
3. binding of Fc receptors

Question 3

what Is the acute phase response

Answer 3

-C-reactive protein is produced by the liver in response to inflammation

-a high CRP in the blood is a marker of inflammation

-caused by a wide variety of conditions from infection to cancer

-high CRP can also indicate inflammation on the heart

Question 4

IgG functions

Answer 4

immunity to newborns
secreted into blood + removes pathogens from blood + tissues
neutralisation of toxins
IgG3 binds to Fc receptor by Phagocytosis

Question 5

IgM functions

Answer 5

activates classical pathway
acts as an opsonin

Question 6

IgA

Answer 6

secretory antibody - protect against mucosal membranes
effective against influenza virus
>–< structure - two joined via joining protein

Question 7

IgD

Answer 7

activates B cells
a receptor for antigen binding

Question 8

IgE

Answer 8

binds to Fc receptor on eosinophils and mast cells — tissues
release histamines
involved in allergies/asthma

Question 9

what chemicals do eosinophils produce

Answer 9

• peroxidase,
• ribonuclease,
• deoxyribonuclease,
• lipase, plasminogen,
• major basic protein to damage parasites