phagocytosis Flashcards

1
Q

general outline of phagocytosis

A

virus and cell in contact with each other
virus binds to cell surface receptors
cell surrounds the virus and engulfs it into cell
virus is enclosed in a phagosome
fuses with lysosome = phagolysosome
pH is lowered to break down contents
phagolysosome forms a residual body which contains the waste products

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2
Q

what are opsonin receptors

A

bind bacteria thats coated with IgG.
tags them so other cells know it needs to be destroyed

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3
Q

what are opsonin receptors

A

cell surface receptors
bind bacteria that have been tagged with IgG

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4
Q

what is the complement system in really basic terms!?!

A

a group of proteins used to tag bacteria
^ destroy pathogens and threats to the host

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5
Q

what are scavenger receptors

A

bind to molecules that are produced by bacteria

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6
Q

what are toll-like receptors

A

bind to specific molecules produced by bacteria
once bound they recognise the specific bacteria and activate the immune response

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7
Q

what are cytokines and how do they relate to the immune response

A

cell signalling molecules
signal cells to move to a certain area in the body where the virus is found

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8
Q

what are pseudopods

A

a temporary projection of an eukaryotic cell membrane that is emerged in the direction of movement

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9
Q

how is the target found by the neutrophil

A

tagged by opsonins - including C3b and IgG

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10
Q

how are phagosomes produced

A

via pseudopods which extend from the neutrophil

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11
Q

how are phagolysosomes produced

A

phagosomes merge with lysosomes

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12
Q

how are ingested particles broken down during phagocytosis

A

lysosomal enzymes
reactive oxygen + nitrogen species

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13
Q

how is oxygen converted to superoxide and hydrogen peroxide

A

via the phagocyte oxidase enzyme

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14
Q

how is h2o2 converted to hypochlorite

A

myeloperoxidase

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15
Q

for phagocytes which is the most effective mechanism for killing microbes

A

O2-dependent killing

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