Antibiotics - Macrolides Flashcards
What is transcription?
1 - copying of specific part of DNA to create mRNA
2 - converting mRNA into proteins using the ribosome
3 - adding molecules to proteins
4 - packaging proteins into vesicles
1 - copying of specific part of DNA to create mRNA
What is translation (also called protein synthesis)?
1 - copying of specific part of DNA to create mRNA
2 - converting mRNA into proteins using the ribosome
3 - adding molecules to proteins
4 - packaging proteins into vesicles
2 - converting mRNA into proteins using the ribosome
Ribosomes in prokaryotes (bacteria) is smaller in eukaryotes (human cells). Why is this important for drug development?
1 - means bacteria are limited to how they replicate
2 - drugs can inhibit mRNA
3 - drugs can be targeted against prokaryotes ribosome specifically
4 - bacterial wall production can be inhibited
3 - drugs can be targeted against prokaryotes ribosome specifically
- prokaryotes - 50 and 30S = 70S
- eukaryotes - 60 and 40S = 80S
Which of the following is NOT a step in translation (protein synthesis)?
1 - elongation
2 - transcription
3 - initiation
4 - termination
2 - transcription
Which of the following described initiation?
1 - codon signalling termination is recognised by P site
2 - 1st tRNA binds to P site and begins adding further tRNA
3 - 50S and 30S subunits bind to mRNA forming ribosome-mRNA complex
4 - tRNA bind to the A, P and E binding sites of ribosome
3 - 50S and 30S subunits bind to mRNA forming ribosome-mRNA complex
- mRNA is the blueprint for protein synthesis
- composed of 3 nucleotide sequences called codons
- tRNA binds to codons with matching anti-codon sequence
The ribosome complex has 3 specific sites where the mRNA can bind. Which of the following is NOT one of these sites?
1 - A site (aminoacyl site)
2 - B site (binding site)
3 - P site (peptidyl site)
4 - E site (exit site)
2 - B site (binding site)
- correct codons are added at sites A and P, building a protein, once finished a stop codon is recognised and the mRNA is then detached and a protein is formed.
The ribosome complex has 3 specific sites where the mRNA can bind, A site (aminoacyl site), P site (peptidyl site) and E site (exit site). Once the correct codons have been added at site A and P, the mRNA is then detached and a protein is formed.
Which of the following described elongation?
1 - codon signalling termination is recognised by P site
2 - 1st tRNA binds to P site and begins adding further tRNA at site A
3 - 50S and 30S subunits bind to mRNA forming ribosome-mRNA complex
4 - tRNA bind to the A, P and E binding sites of ribosome
2 - 1st tRNA binds to P site and begins adding further tRNA at site A
- this repeats until protein is finished
Which of the following described elongation?
1 - codon signalling termination is recognised by P site
2 - 1st tRNA binds to P site and begins adding further tRNA at site A
3 - 50S and 30S subunits bind to mRNA forming ribosome-mRNA complex
4 - tRNA bind to the A, P and E binding sites of ribosome
2 - 1st tRNA binds to P site and begins adding further tRNA at site A
- this repeats until protein is finished
Which of the following described termination?
1 - codon signalling termination is recognised by P site
2 - 1st tRNA binds to P site and begins adding further tRNA at site A
3 - 50S and 30S subunits bind to mRNA forming ribosome-mRNA complex
4 - tRNA bind to the A, P and E binding sites of ribosome
1 - codon signalling termination is recognised by P site
Which 2 of the following are the core macrolids that we need to be aware of?
1 - Doxycycline
2 - Clarithromycin
3 - Erythromycin
4 - Gentamicin
2 - Clarithromycin
3 - Erythromycin
Clarithromycin and Erythromycin are the core Macrolides that we need to be aware of. What is the mechanism of action of this class of antibiotics?
1 - binds to penicillin binding protein
2 - interfere with NAG and NAMs
3 - binds to 50S ribosome inhibiting translocation
4 - binds to A site on the 30S ribosome
3 - binds to 50S ribosome inhibiting translocation
Clarithromycin and Erythromycin are the core Macrolides that we need to be aware of. Is this a bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
- bacteriostatic
- suppress growth of bacteria, keeping them in the stationary phase of growth
Clarithromycin and Erythromycin are the core Macrolides we need to be aware of. Are these broad or narrow spectrum antibiotic?
- broad spectrum
- good effect against Gram + (e.g. Streptococcus pyogenes and pneumococcal)
- some effect against Gram -
- VERY effective against haemophilus influenza
Similar to Flucloxacillin
S. pyogenes (sore throat, skin infections)
Pneumococcal infections (resp. tract)
Coliform infections (urinary tract infections)
(patients with penicillin allergy)
Clarithromycin and Erythromycin are the core Macrolides can be used to treat Chlamydia trachomatis. Why are macrolides good for this?
1 - able to get into the cell as no or thin cell wall
2 - no LPS so easy to enter the cells
3 - lopophilic so can enter the cells easily
4 - all of the above
1 - able to get into the cell as no or thin cell wall