Antibiotics - Aminoglycosides Flashcards
What is transcription?
1 - copying of specific part of DNA to create mRNA
2 - converting mRNA into proteins using the ribosome
3 - adding molecules to proteins
4 - packaging proteins into vesicles
1 - copying of specific part of DNA to create mRNA
What is translation (also called protein synthesis)?
1 - copying of specific part of DNA to create mRNA
2 - converting mRNA into proteins using the ribosome
3 - adding molecules to proteins
4 - packaging proteins into vesicles
2 - converting mRNA into proteins using the ribosome
Ribosomes in prokaryotes (bacteria) is smaller in eukaryotes (human cells). Why is this important for drug development?
1 - means bacteria are limited to how they replicate
2 - drugs can inhibit mRNA
3 - drugs can be targeted against prokaryotes ribosome specifically
4 - bacterial wall production can be inhibited
3 - drugs can be targeted against prokaryotes ribosome specifically
- prokaryotes - 50 and 30S = 70S
- eukaryotes - 60 and 40S = 80S
Which of the following is NOT a step in translation (protein synthesis)?
1 - elongation
2 - transcription
3 - initiation
4 - termination
2 - transcription
Which of the following described initiation?
1 - codon signalling termination is recognised by P site
2 - 1st tRNA binds to P site and begins adding further tRNA
3 - 50S and 30S subunits bind to mRNA forming ribosome-mRNA complex
4 - tRNA bind to the A, P and E binding sites of ribosome
3 - 50S and 30S subunits bind to mRNA forming ribosome-mRNA complex
- mRNA is the blueprint for protein synthesis
- composed of 3 nucleotide sequences called codons
- tRNA binds to codons with matching anti-codon sequence
The ribosome complex has 3 specific sites where the mRNA can bind. Which of the following is NOT one of these sites?
1 - A site (aminoacyl site)
2 - B site (binding site)
3 - P site (peptidyl site)
4 - E site (exit site)
2 - B site (binding site)
- correct codons are added at sites A and P, building a protein, once finished a stop codon is recognised and the mRNA is then detached and a protein is formed.
The ribosome complex has 3 specific sites where the mRNA can bind, A site (aminoacyl site), P site (peptidyl site) and E site (exit site). Once the correct codons have been added at site A and P, the mRNA is then detached and a protein is formed.
Which of the following described elongation?
1 - codon signalling termination is recognised by P site
2 - 1st tRNA binds to P site and begins adding further tRNA at site A
3 - 50S and 30S subunits bind to mRNA forming ribosome-mRNA complex
4 - tRNA bind to the A, P and E binding sites of ribosome
2 - 1st tRNA binds to P site and begins adding further tRNA at site A
- this repeats until protein is finished
Which of the following described elongation?
1 - codon signalling termination is recognised by P site
2 - 1st tRNA binds to P site and begins adding further tRNA at site A
3 - 50S and 30S subunits bind to mRNA forming ribosome-mRNA complex
4 - tRNA bind to the A, P and E binding sites of ribosome
2 - 1st tRNA binds to P site and begins adding further tRNA at site A
- this repeats until protein is finished
Which of the following described termination?
1 - codon signalling termination is recognised by P site
2 - 1st tRNA binds to P site and begins adding further tRNA at site A
3 - 50S and 30S subunits bind to mRNA forming ribosome-mRNA complex
4 - tRNA bind to the A, P and E binding sites of ribosome
1 - codon signalling termination is recognised by P site
Which of the following is the core Aminoglycosides that we need to be aware of?
1 - Doxycycline
2 - Clarithromycin
3 - Erythromycin
4 - Gentamicin
4 - Gentamicin
Gentamicin is the core Aminoglycosides that we need to be aware of. What is the mechanism of action of this class of antibiotics?
1 - binds to penicillin binding protein
2 - interfere with NAG and NAMs
3 - bind to 50S ribosome
4 - irreversibly binds the 30S ribosome subunit and inhibits protein synthesis
4 - irreversibly binds the 30S ribosome subunit and inhibits protein synthesis
- blocks formation of the initiation complex
- miscoding of amino acids in the emerging peptide chain due to misreading of the mRNA
- blocks translocation on mRNA
Gentamicin is the core Aminoglycosides that we need to be aware of. Is this a bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
- bactericidal
Gentamicin is the core Aminoglycosides that we need to be aware of. Is this a broad or narrow spectrum antibiotic?
- broad spectrum
- main activity is on gram negative aerobic bacteria
- examples include: Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli.
Gentamicin is the core Aminoglycosides that we need to be aware of. It is broad spectrum, but very affective against gram negative aerobic bacteria. It is also affective against streptococcus and anaerobes, BUT needs to be combined with which 2 other antibiotics?
1 - B-lactam antibiotics (penicillin)
2 - Quinolones (Ciprofloxacin)
3 - Metronidazole (Nitroimidazole)
4 - Glycopeptide (Vancomycin)
1 - B-lactam antibiotics (penicillin)
3 - Metronidazole (Nitroimidazole)
- helpful in breaking down cell walls and allowing Aminoglycosides access to ribosome