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MSRA CPS > Antibiotics & Epilepsy Mg > Flashcards

Antibiotics & Epilepsy Mg Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory system:
Exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

A

(ATC)
Amoxicillin or
tetracycline or
clarithromycin

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2
Q

Uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia

A

(ADC):
-Amoxicillin (Doxycycline or clarithromycin in penicillin allergic, add flucloxacillin if staphylococci suspected e.g. In influenza)

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3
Q

Pneumonia possibly caused by atypical pathogens

A

-Clarithromycin

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4
Q

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

A

Within 5 days of admission:
co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime
More than 5 days after admission:
-piperacillin with tazobactam OR a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g. ceftazidime) OR a quinolone (e.g. ciprofloxacin)

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5
Q

Urinary tract:
Lower urinary tract infection

A

-Trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin. Alternative: amoxicillin or cephalosporin

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6
Q

Acute pyelonephritis

A

-Broad-spectrum cephalosporin or quinolone

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7
Q

Acute prostatitis

A

-Quinolone or trimethoprim

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8
Q

Skin:
Impetigo

A

-Topical hydrogen peroxide,
-oral flucloxacillin or erythromycin if widespread

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9
Q

Cellulitis

A

-Flucloxacillin (clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline if penicillin-allergic)

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10
Q

Cellulitis (near the eyes or nose)

A

-Co-amoxiclav (clarithromycin, + metronidazole if penicillin-allergic)

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11
Q

Erysipelas

A

-Flucloxacillin* (clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline if penicillin-allergic)

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12
Q

Animal or human bite

A

-Co-amoxiclav (doxycycline + metronidazole if penicillin-allergic)

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13
Q

Mastitis during breast-feeding

A

-Flucloxacillin

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14
Q

ENT: Throat infections

A

-Phenoxymethylpenicillin (erythromycin alone if penicillin-allergic)

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15
Q

Sinusitis

A

-Phenoxymethylpenicillin

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16
Q

Otitis media

A

-Amoxicillin (erythromycin if penicillin-allergic)

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17
Q

Otitis externa

A

-Flucloxacillin (erythromycin if penicillin-allergic)

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18
Q

Periapical or periodontal abscess

A

-Amoxicillin

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19
Q

Gingivitis: acute necrotising ulcerative

A

-Metronidazole

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20
Q

Genital system: Gonorrhoea

A

Intramuscular ceftriaxone

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21
Q

Chlamydia

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

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22
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Oral ofloxacin + oral metronidazole or intramuscular ceftriaxone + oral doxycycline + oral metronidazole

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23
Q

Syphilis Rx

A

Benzathine benzylpenicillin or doxycycline or erythromycin

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24
Q

Rx. of Bacterial vaginosis

A

Oral or topical metronidazole or topical clindamycin

25
Q

Gastrointestinal:
Clostridioides difficile

A

First episode: oral vancomycin

Second or subsequent episode of infection:
Within 12 weeks: Oral fidoxamin

After 12 weeks: oral fidaxomicin/fidoxamin

26
Q

Campylobacter enteritis

A

Clarithromycin

27
Q

Salmonella (non-typhoid)

A

Ciprofloxacin

28
Q

Shigellosis Rx

A

Ciprofloxacin

29
Q

Hospital Management of Acute COPD

A
30
Q

Generalised tonic-clonic seizures

A

males: sodium valproate
females: lamotrigine or levetiracetam

31
Q

Focal seizures

A

first line: lamotrigine or levetiracetam
second line: carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine or zonisamide

32
Q

Absence seizures (Petit mal)

A

first line: ethosuximide
second line:
male: sodium valproate
female: lamotrigine or levetiracetam
carbamazepine may exacerbate absence seizures

33
Q

Myoclonic seizures

A

males: sodium valproate
females: levetiracetam

34
Q

Tonic or atonic seizures

A

males: sodium valproate
females: levetiracetam

35
Q

Quick comparison: Epilepsy: first-line medications

Lamotrigine or levetiracetam

A

focal seizures (male patient)

36
Q

Quick comparison: Epilepsy: first-line medications

Sodium valproate

A

generalised tonic-clonic seizures (male patient)
myoclonic seizures (male patient)
tonic or atonic seizures (male patient)

37
Q

Quick comparison: Antibiotic guidelines
Flucloxacillin (Flu to CEO)

A

Cellulitis (NOT near the eyes or nose)
Erysipelas
Otitis externa (severe)

38
Q

Quick comparison: Antibiotic guidelines
Co-amoxiclav

A

Cellulitis (near the eyes or nose)
Animal or human bite

39
Q

Side-effects of common drugs: antibiotics
Amoxicillin

A

Rash with infectious mononucleosis

40
Q

Co-amoxiclav AE

A

Cholestasis

41
Q

Flucloxacillin

A

Cholestasis

42
Q

Erythromycin AEs

A

Gastrointestinal upset
Prolongs QT interval

43
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Lowers seizure threshold
Tendonitis

44
Q

Metronidazole

A

Disulfiram like reaction (Reaction following alcohol ingestion)

45
Q

Doxycycline

A

Photosensitivity

46
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Rashes, including photosensitivity
Pruritus
Suppression of haematopoiesis

47
Q

Aminoglycosides AEs

A

Nephrotoxic & Ototoxicity
Contraindications myasthenia gravis

48
Q

Genital Ulcers

A

A. Painful:
a. Multiple painful: Herpes simplex virus
b. Single painful: Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
B. Painless:
a. Single/Multiple painless: LGV
b. Single painless: Syphilis
c. Granuloma inguinale by K. granulomatis

49
Q

Anti-Tuberculosis: drug side-effects

Rifampicin

A

Orange bodily fluids, rash, hepatotoxicity, drug interactions

50
Q

Isoniazid

A

Peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, hepatotoxicity

51
Q

Pyrazinamide Paoooon

A

Gout, Arthralgia, hepatotoxicity, nausea

52
Q

Ethambutol Eye

A

Optic neuritis, rash

53
Q

Prescribing in pregnant patients
Harmful:

A

Antibiotics
-tetracyclines
-aminoglycosides
-sulphonamides and trimethoprim
-quinolones: the BNF advises to avoid due to arthropathy in some animal studies

Other drugs
-ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists
-statins
-warfarin
-sulfonylureas
-retinoids (including topical)
-cytotoxic agents

The majority of antiepileptics including valproate, carbamazepine and phenytoin are known to be potentially harmful.

54
Q

Prescribing in patients with renal failure

A

Avoid in RF
-antibiotics: tetracycline, nitrofurantoin
-NSAIDs
-lithium
-metformin

Need dose adjustment - accumulate in chronic kidney disease
-most antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin, gentamicin, streptomycin
-digoxin, atenolol
-methotrexate
-sulphonylureas
-furosemide
-opioids

Relatively safe - can sometimes use normal dose depending on the degree of chronic kidney disease
-antibiotics: erythromycin, rifampicin
-diazepam
-warfarin

55
Q

Side-effects of common drugs: diabetes drugs

Metformin

A

-Gastrointestinal side-effects
-Lactic acidosis

56
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

Hypoglycaemic episodes
Increased appetite and weight gain
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
Liver dysfunction (cholestatic)

57
Q

Glitazones

A

-Weight gain
-Fluid retention
-Liver dysfunction
-Fractures

58
Q

Gliptins

A

Pancreatitis

MSRA CPS (61 decks)

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