Antibiotics Flashcards
Features to look in antibiotics
Effective Safe Slow emergence of resistance Long half life Good tissue distribution Oral bioavailability Cheap
Benefits of specific target antibiotics
Reduce contribution to antibiotic resistance
Minimise disturbance to normal flora
Benefits of broad spectrum antibiotics
Confidence that what treating going to have good coverage, not quite sure what infection is, if got mix of infecitons
What are 2 different effects antibiotics can have on bacteria?
Bacteriostatic- replication stopped, not killing them, give immune system opportunity to identify, respond, remove
Bactericidal- kill bacteria
What are the different spectrums of bacteria?
Gram +ve bacteria (thick cell wall)
Gram -ve bacteria (thin cell wall)
Facultative, aerobic, anaerobic
Different mode of actions antibiotics can have on bacteria?
1) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
2) Metabolic antagonism (interrupt bacterial metabolic pathways)
3) Interference with nucleic acid synthesis- DNA gyrase inhibited, RNA. polymerase
4) Inhibition of protein synthesis- ribosomes affected
5) Action on membrane
Where is the infection for community required pneuomnia?
In the lower respiratory tract
What are the 3 main mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance?
1) Spontaneous mutation- bac multiply, get a spontaneous mutation
2) Conjugation- one organism to another, plasmid or transposons which take DNA from one bac to another
3) Transduction- virus transfers genetic bacteria from one bacteria to another, resistance transferred
4) Transformation- takes DNA from the environment around, incorporate into the genome
Horizontal transformation= from one back to another= bottom 3