Antibiotics

Question 1

Features to look in antibiotics

Answer 1

Effective
Safe
Slow emergence of resistance
Long half life
Good tissue distribution
Oral bioavailability
Cheap

Question 2

Benefits of specific target antibiotics

Answer 2

Reduce contribution to antibiotic resistance

Minimise disturbance to normal flora

Question 3

Benefits of broad spectrum antibiotics

Answer 3

Confidence that what treating going to have good coverage, not quite sure what infection is, if got mix of infecitons

Question 4

What are 2 different effects antibiotics can have on bacteria?

Answer 4

Bacteriostatic- replication stopped, not killing them, give immune system opportunity to identify, respond, remove
Bactericidal- kill bacteria

Question 5

What are the different spectrums of bacteria?

Answer 5

Gram +ve bacteria (thick cell wall)
Gram -ve bacteria (thin cell wall)
Facultative, aerobic, anaerobic

Question 6

Different mode of actions antibiotics can have on bacteria?

Answer 6

1) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
2) Metabolic antagonism (interrupt bacterial metabolic pathways)
3) Interference with nucleic acid synthesis- DNA gyrase inhibited, RNA. polymerase
4) Inhibition of protein synthesis- ribosomes affected
5) Action on membrane

Question 7

Where is the infection for community required pneuomnia?

Answer 7

In the lower respiratory tract

Question 8

What are the 3 main mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance?

Answer 8

1) Spontaneous mutation- bac multiply, get a spontaneous mutation
2) Conjugation- one organism to another, plasmid or transposons which take DNA from one bac to another
3) Transduction- virus transfers genetic bacteria from one bacteria to another, resistance transferred
4) Transformation- takes DNA from the environment around, incorporate into the genome

Horizontal transformation= from one back to another= bottom 3