Antibiotics Flashcards
pen v (oral) pen G (iv) coverage
gram positive: streptococcus, enterococcus, listeria
gram negative: niesseria, treponema pallidum
anaerobes (oral)
cloxacillin (iv and oral) coverage
gram positive: streptococccus, s aureus NOT MRSA
cloaxacillin drug class
penicillinase stable penicilin
amoxicillin (oral) ampicillin (iv) class and coverage
extended spectrum penicllin
has all of penicillin but increased gram negative
e.coli, proteus, h.influenzae
amoxi-clav (po) coverage
has all of amoxicillin plus more gram negative
staph aureus but not MRSA
ecoli, h influenzae
anaerobes (bacteroides)
pipercillin tazobactam (iv) coverage
same as piperacillin but
increase GP: staph aureus but not MRSA
GN: beta lactamases not ESBLs
anaerobes, bacteroides
piperacillin (iv) coverage
same as amox but increased gram negative citrobacter acineobacter pseudomonas enterobacter serratia
the two extended spectrum penicillins
amoxicillin
piperacillin
cefadroxil
cephalexin
cefazolin (iv)
drug class and mechanism
1st gen cephalosporin
inhibit cell wall synthesis (cidal)
1st gen cephalosporin coverage
gram positive: streptococcus, staph aureus not MRSA not enterococcus
gram negative: proteus mirabilis, ecoli, klebsiella
cefaclor
cefprozil
cefuroxime (po, iv)
drug class
second gen cephalosporin
2nd gen cephalosporin coverage
same as 1st gen plus
increase s.pneumoniae for cefprozil and cefuroximine
decreased staph aureus
gram negative: h influenzae, neissera, moraxella
cefoxitin (iv) drug class and coverage
2nd gen cephalosporin but also bacteroides
same as 2nd gen plus anaerobes
cefixime
cefotaxime (iv)
ceftriaxone (iv)
drug class
3rd gen cephalosporin
3rd gen cephalosporin coverage
same as second gen plus
increased s.pneumoniae for cefotaxime and ceftriaxone
increased serratia not extended spectrum beta lactamases
ceftazidime (iv) drug class and coverage
3rd gen ceph plus pseudomonas
increase pseudomonas not ESBL
decrease s.pneumoniae, s aureus
cefepime(iv) drug class
4th gen cephalosporin
4th gen cephalosporin coverage
3rd gen plus
increase spneumoniae, saureus
increase citrobacter, acinetobacter, pseudomonas, enterobacter, not ESBLs
ertapenem (iv)
imipenem cilastatin (iv)
meropenem (iv)
drug class and MOA
carbapenem
inhibit cell wall synthesis (bactericidal)
carbapenem drug class
gram positive: streptococcus, saureus, variable e.faecalis
gram negative: ecoli, klebsiella, citrobacter, acineobacter, pseudomonas
anaerobes (oral?, bacteroides)
erythromycin (po,iv)
clarithromycin
drug class and MOA
macrolide
inhibit 30S ribosome (bactericidal)
macrolide coverage
gram positive: variable streptococcus (not PRSP) variable staph aureus
h. influenzae
atypicals: mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia
azithromycin (po,iv) drug class and coverage
azalide
same as macrolide
doxycycline
minocycline
tetracycline
drug class and MOA
tetracycline
inhibits 30S bacteriostatic
tetracycline coverage
gram positive: variable streptococcus, saureus including CA-MRSA
gram negative: broad, not pseudomonas
anaerobes
cirprofloxicin (po, iv) drug class ad MOA
2nd gen fluoroquinolone
inhibits gyrase, topisomerase in DNA synthesis (bactericidal)
2nd gen fluoroquinolone coverage
gram positive acquire resistance during therapy
gram negative: ecoli?, klebsiella, citrobacter, pseudomonas, enterobacter, serratia
atypicals: mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia
norfloxicin drug class
2nd gen fluoroquinolone urinary
bactericidal
levofloxacin (po,iv)
moxifloxicin (po,iv)
drug class
3 gen fluoroquinolone respiratory
bacteriacidal
norfloxacin coverage
compared to cipro
enterobacteriea not pseudomonas
levofloxacin coverage
compared to cipro
inceased spneumonia
moxi- decrease psuedomonas, plus anaerobes
amikacin (iv) gentimicin (iv) streptomycin (im) tobramycin (iv) drug class and MOA
aminoglycoside
inhibits 30S cell wall electron transport (bactericidal)
aminoglycoside coverage
gram negative: ecoli, klebsiella, citrobacter, acineobacter, pseudomonas, enterobacter, serratia, ESBLs
clindamycin (po,iv) drug class and MOA
lincosamide
inhibits 50S ribosome (bacteriostatic)
daptomycin (iv) drug class and mechanism
cyclic lipopeptide
depolarizes cell membrane, inhibits protein dna and rna synthesis (bacterialcidal)
clindamycin coverage
gram positve: streptococcus, saureus including MRSA
anaerobes (oral?, bacteroides)
daptomycin coverage
gram positive: streptococcus, saureus including MRSA, enterococcus including VRE
linezolid (po,iv) drug class and MOA
oxazolidinone
inhibits 23of 50S and 70S ribosome (bacteriostatic)
linezolid coverage
gram positive: streptococcus, saureus including MRSA, enterococcus including VRE
metronidazole(po,iv) class and MOA
nitroimidazole
inhibits ribosomes, dna via intracellular reduction to active metabolites
metronidazole coverage
anaerobes (oral, bacteroides)
nitrofurantoin drug class and MOA
nitrofuran
inhibits ribosomes, dna thru intracellular reduction to active metabolites
nitrfurantoin coverage
ecoli, e,faecalis, staphlococcus
rifampin drug class and MOA
rifamycin
inhibits dna dependent rna polymerase
rifampin coverage
gram positive: saureus, sepidermidis
TMP/SMX class and MOA
sulphonamide
inhibits dihydrofolate reducatase/synthetase
TMP/SMX coverage
gram positive: variable streptococcus, saureus including MRSA
gram negative: ecoli, hinfluenzae
pneumocystis
vancomycin (po,iv) drug class and MOA
glycopeptide
inhibits cell wall synthesis (bacteriocidal)
vancomycin coverage
gram positive: streptococcus including PRSP, saureus including MRSA, CoNS, enterococcus not VRE
