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Clinical 2.0 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q 
pen v (oral)
pen G (iv)
coverage
A

gram positive: streptococcus, enterococcus, listeria
gram negative: niesseria, treponema pallidum
anaerobes (oral)

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2
Q

cloxacillin (iv and oral) coverage

A

gram positive: streptococccus, s aureus NOT MRSA

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3
Q

cloaxacillin drug class

A

penicillinase stable penicilin

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4
Q 
amoxicillin (oral) 
ampicillin (iv) class and coverage
A

extended spectrum penicllin
has all of penicillin but increased gram negative
e.coli, proteus, h.influenzae

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5
Q

amoxi-clav (po) coverage

A

has all of amoxicillin plus more gram negative
staph aureus but not MRSA
ecoli, h influenzae
anaerobes (bacteroides)

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6
Q

pipercillin tazobactam (iv) coverage

A

same as piperacillin but
increase GP: staph aureus but not MRSA
GN: beta lactamases not ESBLs
anaerobes, bacteroides

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7
Q

piperacillin (iv) coverage

A 
same as amox but increased gram negative 
citrobacter 
acineobacter 
pseudomonas
enterobacter
serratia
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8
Q

the two extended spectrum penicillins

A

amoxicillin

piperacillin

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9
Q

cefadroxil
cephalexin
cefazolin (iv)
drug class and mechanism

A

1st gen cephalosporin

inhibit cell wall synthesis (cidal)

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10
Q

1st gen cephalosporin coverage

A

gram positive: streptococcus, staph aureus not MRSA not enterococcus
gram negative: proteus mirabilis, ecoli, klebsiella

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11
Q

cefaclor
cefprozil
cefuroxime (po, iv)
drug class

A

second gen cephalosporin

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12
Q

2nd gen cephalosporin coverage

A

same as 1st gen plus
increase s.pneumoniae for cefprozil and cefuroximine
decreased staph aureus
gram negative: h influenzae, neissera, moraxella

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13
Q

cefoxitin (iv) drug class and coverage

A

2nd gen cephalosporin but also bacteroides

same as 2nd gen plus anaerobes

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14
Q

cefixime
cefotaxime (iv)
ceftriaxone (iv)
drug class

A

3rd gen cephalosporin

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15
Q

3rd gen cephalosporin coverage

A

same as second gen plus
increased s.pneumoniae for cefotaxime and ceftriaxone
increased serratia not extended spectrum beta lactamases

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16
Q

ceftazidime (iv) drug class and coverage

A

3rd gen ceph plus pseudomonas
increase pseudomonas not ESBL
decrease s.pneumoniae, s aureus

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17
Q

cefepime(iv) drug class

A

4th gen cephalosporin

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18
Q

4th gen cephalosporin coverage

A

3rd gen plus
increase spneumoniae, saureus
increase citrobacter, acinetobacter, pseudomonas, enterobacter, not ESBLs

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19
Q

ertapenem (iv)
imipenem cilastatin (iv)
meropenem (iv)
drug class and MOA

A

carbapenem

inhibit cell wall synthesis (bactericidal)

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20
Q

carbapenem drug class

A

gram positive: streptococcus, saureus, variable e.faecalis
gram negative: ecoli, klebsiella, citrobacter, acineobacter, pseudomonas
anaerobes (oral?, bacteroides)

21
Q

erythromycin (po,iv)
clarithromycin
drug class and MOA

A

macrolide

inhibit 30S ribosome (bactericidal)

22
Q

macrolide coverage

A

gram positive: variable streptococcus (not PRSP) variable staph aureus

h. influenzae
atypicals: mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia

23
Q

azithromycin (po,iv) drug class and coverage

A

azalide

same as macrolide

24
Q

doxycycline
minocycline
tetracycline
drug class and MOA

A

tetracycline

inhibits 30S bacteriostatic

25
Q

tetracycline coverage

A

gram positive: variable streptococcus, saureus including CA-MRSA
gram negative: broad, not pseudomonas
anaerobes

26
Q 
cirprofloxicin (po, iv) 
drug class ad MOA
A

2nd gen fluoroquinolone

inhibits gyrase, topisomerase in DNA synthesis (bactericidal)

27
Q

2nd gen fluoroquinolone coverage

A

gram positive acquire resistance during therapy
gram negative: ecoli?, klebsiella, citrobacter, pseudomonas, enterobacter, serratia
atypicals: mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia

28
Q

norfloxicin drug class

A

2nd gen fluoroquinolone urinary

bactericidal

29
Q

levofloxacin (po,iv)
moxifloxicin (po,iv)
drug class

A

3 gen fluoroquinolone respiratory

bacteriacidal

30
Q

norfloxacin coverage

A

compared to cipro

enterobacteriea not pseudomonas

31
Q

levofloxacin coverage

A

compared to cipro
inceased spneumonia
moxi- decrease psuedomonas, plus anaerobes

32
Q 
amikacin (iv)
gentimicin (iv)
streptomycin (im)
tobramycin (iv) 
drug class and MOA
A

aminoglycoside

inhibits 30S cell wall electron transport (bactericidal)

33
Q

aminoglycoside coverage

A

gram negative: ecoli, klebsiella, citrobacter, acineobacter, pseudomonas, enterobacter, serratia, ESBLs

34
Q 
clindamycin (po,iv) 
drug class and MOA
A

lincosamide

inhibits 50S ribosome (bacteriostatic)

35
Q 
daptomycin (iv) 
drug class and mechanism
A

cyclic lipopeptide

depolarizes cell membrane, inhibits protein dna and rna synthesis (bacterialcidal)

36
Q

clindamycin coverage

A

gram positve: streptococcus, saureus including MRSA

anaerobes (oral?, bacteroides)

37
Q

daptomycin coverage

A

gram positive: streptococcus, saureus including MRSA, enterococcus including VRE

38
Q 
linezolid (po,iv) 
drug class and MOA
A

oxazolidinone

inhibits 23of 50S and 70S ribosome (bacteriostatic)

39
Q

linezolid coverage

A

gram positive: streptococcus, saureus including MRSA, enterococcus including VRE

40
Q

metronidazole(po,iv) class and MOA

A

nitroimidazole

inhibits ribosomes, dna via intracellular reduction to active metabolites

41
Q

metronidazole coverage

A

anaerobes (oral, bacteroides)

42
Q

nitrofurantoin drug class and MOA

A

nitrofuran

inhibits ribosomes, dna thru intracellular reduction to active metabolites

43
Q

nitrfurantoin coverage

A

ecoli, e,faecalis, staphlococcus

44
Q

rifampin drug class and MOA

A

rifamycin

inhibits dna dependent rna polymerase

45
Q

rifampin coverage

A

gram positive: saureus, sepidermidis

46
Q

TMP/SMX class and MOA

A

sulphonamide

inhibits dihydrofolate reducatase/synthetase

47
Q

TMP/SMX coverage

A

gram positive: variable streptococcus, saureus including MRSA
gram negative: ecoli, hinfluenzae
pneumocystis

48
Q

vancomycin (po,iv) drug class and MOA

A

glycopeptide

inhibits cell wall synthesis (bacteriocidal)

49
Q

vancomycin coverage

A

gram positive: streptococcus including PRSP, saureus including MRSA, CoNS, enterococcus not VRE

Clinical 2.0 (24 decks)

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