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RUSVM Small Animal Medicine I 2016 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriocidal

A

Kill bacterium

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2
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

inhibit the bacterium from reproducing

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3
Q

What antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis?

A 
Cycloserine
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems
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4
Q

What antibiotics inhibit DNA gyrase?

A

Quinolones: Nalidixic acid or Ciprofloxacin

Novobiocin

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5
Q

What antibiotics inhibit Folic acid metabolism?

A

Trimethroprim

Sulfonamides

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6
Q

What antibiotics inhibit Cytoplasmic membrane structure?

A

Polymyxins

Daptomycin

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7
Q

What antibiotics inhibit RNA elongation?

A

Actinomycin

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8
Q

What antibiotics inhibit DNA-directed RNA polymerase?

A

Rifampin

Streptovaricins

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9
Q

What antibiotics inhibit Protein synthesis (50S inhibitors)?

A

Erythromycin (macrolides)
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Lincomycin

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10
Q

What antibiotics inhibit Protein synthesis (30S inhibitors)?

A 
Tetracyclines
Spectinomycin
Streptomycin
Gentamicin
Kanamycin
Amikacin
Nitrofurans
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11
Q

What antibiotics inhibit Protein synthesis (tRNA)?

A

Mupirocin

Puromycin

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12
Q

Penicillins

A

Bacteriocidal

Gram positive, aerobic bacteria and some anerobes

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13
Q

What do you add to penicillins for a lactamase protector to cover gram positive and some gram negative bacteria including some anaerobes?

A

Clavulanic acid

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14
Q

What generation of penicillins are for extended spectrum of activity?

A

New generation penicillins

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15
Q

Cephalosporins (Beta-Lactams)

A

Bacteriocidal
More resistant to Beta-lactamases
Broad spectrum of acivity

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16
Q

What are the 1st generation Beta-Lactams?

A

Cephalexin

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17
Q

What are the 2nd generation Beta-Lactams?

A

Cefotetan

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18
Q

What are the 3rd generation Beta-Lactams?

A

cefovecin

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19
Q

What are the side effects of Penicillins and Beta-Lactams?

A

V/D

allergic reactions

20
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic

Gram negative and positive anerobes and some facultative anaerobes

21
Q

What drugs are Aminoglycosides?

A 
Streptomycin
Kanamycin
Gentamycin
tobramycin
amikacin
22
Q

What are the side effects of Aminoglycosides?

A

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

23
Q

Polymyxins

A

Most gram negative bacteria (Pasteurella, Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Bordetella, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas)

24
Q

How do you administer Polymyxins?

A

Topically

25
Q

What is the side effect of Polymyxins?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (skin immune-mediated disease)

26
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Broad spectrum bacteriostatic
Gram positive
Gram negative
some anaerobes

27
Q

What are the side effects of Chloramphenicol?

A

Bone marrow suppression

28
Q

Tetracyclins

A

Bacteriostatic
Aerobic and anaerobic gram positive and negative bacteria, mycobacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, rickettsiae, chlamydiae and some protozoa

29
Q

What drugs are Tetracyclins?

A

Doxycycline

Oxytetracyclin

30
Q

What are the side effects of Tetracyclins?

A 
Esophagitis
hepatotoxicity 
anaphylaxis (parental administration) 
Stain the deciduous teeth of juveniles and cause enamel hypoplasia
nephrotoxicity  (not doxy)
31
Q

Macrolides and Lincosamides

A

Gram positive bacteria and Rickettsiae

Bacteriocidal

32
Q

What drugs are Macrolides and Lincosamides?

A 
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
tylosin
lincomycin/clindamycin
Anaerobes and some protozoa
33
Q

What are the side effects of Macrolides and Lincosamides?

A

Nausea
pseudomembranous colitis
V/D

34
Q

What species do you use Tylosin for?

A

Cattle

35
Q

Nitroimidazoles

A

Anaerobic bacteria and protozoa

36
Q

What drugs are Nitroimidazoles?

A

Metronidazole

Ronidazole

37
Q

What are the side effects of Nitroimidazoles?

A

Neurological abnormalities
Hepatotoxicity
Hematuria

38
Q

Nitrofurans

A

Bacteriocidal
Bacteriostatic
Broad spectrum of activity - gram negative bacteria
Used in urinary infections

39
Q

What are the side effects of Nitrofurans?

A

Nausea

Vomiting

40
Q

Sulphonamides

A

Bacteriostatic

Streptococcus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Nocardia, Campylobacter, Pasteurella, Chlamydiae)

41
Q

When are Sulphonamides ineffective?

A

in the presence of pus, necrotic tissue or blood containing PABA

42
Q

PABA

A

Para-aminobenzoic acid

43
Q

What are the side effects of Sulphonamides?

A 
Hepatic disease
renal disease
uroliths
keratoconjunctivits sicca
immune-complex reactions
hypersensitivities
44
Q

What test should you perform before administering Sulphonamides?

A

Schirmer tear test

45
Q

Quinolones

A

Bacteriocidal

Broad Spectrum of activity especially gram negative and some gram positives

46
Q

What are the common Quinolones?

A 
Enrofloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Orbifloxacin
prodofloxacin
ciprofloxacin
norfloxacin
47
Q

What are the side effects of Quinolones?

A

CNS: Seizures, retinal blindness in cats, cartilage damage in puppies, increased hepatic enzymes

RUSVM Small Animal Medicine I 2016 (9 decks)

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