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Medicine > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What two things destroy penicillin?

A

beta-lactamases

amidases

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2
Q

What is a beta-lactamase-resistant penicillin?

A

Methicillin
Flucloxacillin
Temocillin

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3
Q

Name two broad-spectrum penicillins.

A

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

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4
Q

Name infections a cephalosporin would be used to treat.

A

Septicaemia
Meningitis
Biliary tract infection
Sinusitis

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5
Q

What is aztreonam used to treat?

A

Pseudomonas infections
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae
(all Gram-neg bacteria)

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6
Q

What type of antibiotic is vancomycin?

A

Glycopeptide

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7
Q

How does vancomycin act on bacteria?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

How do beta-lactams kill bacteria?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis or function

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9
Q

Name the sub-categories of beta-lactams.

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

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10
Q

How do quinolines kill bacteria?

A

Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase with or without topoisomerase IV

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11
Q

How does metronidazole kill bacteria?

A

Creates free radicals which damage bacterial DNA through interaction

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12
Q

Which antibiotics interact with the 50s subunit of bacterial ribosomes leading to inhibition of protein synthesis?

A 
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Linezolid
Streptogramins
Chloramphenicol
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13
Q

Which antibiotics interact with the 30s subunit of bacterial ribosomes leading to inhibition of protein synthesis?

A

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Tigecycline

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14
Q

What are the most commonly used antibiotic type?

A

Beta-lactams

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15
Q

Name five cephalosporins.

A 
Cephalexin
Cefazolin
Cefotetan
Ceftriaxone
Cefepime
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16
Q

Name the carbapenems.

A

Metropenem
Ertapenem
Imipenem

17
Q

What type of antibiotic is aztreonam?

A

Monobactam

18
Q

What is the most common type of bacteria that produce beta-lactamases?

A

Gram-negative bacteria

19
Q

What is amoxiclav (augmentin) a combination of?

A

Amoxicillin and clavulonic acid (beta-lactamase inhibitor)

20
Q

What is penicillin good for treating?

A

Streptococcal infection

Also has fair coverage of enterococcus and anaerobes

21
Q

What is amoxicillin primarily used for treating?

A

Enterococcus and anaerobe infections

Can also cover gram-negative bacteria if used in conjunction with beta-lactamase inhibitor

22
Q

What infection would cephalexin treat?

A

Gram-positive infections

Also has fair coverage of gram-negative bacteria

23
Q

What do carbapenems not cover?

A 
MRSA
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
Acinetobacter
Stenotrophomonas
Atypicals
24
Q

What carbapenems are active against pseudomonas?

A

Imipenem

Meropenem

25
Q

Name 3 quinolones.

A

Ciprafloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

26
Q

What should quinolines not be taken with?

A

Antacids, and cations such as iron and calcium

27
Q

Which type of antibiotic have poor CNS penetration?

A

Quinolones

28
Q

What infections is ciprafloxacin good to treat?

A

Gram-negative bacteria
Pseudomonas
Also has fair coverage of atypicals and MSSA

29
Q

What is levofloxacin used to treat?

A

Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria
Atypicals
Also have fair coverage of pseudomonas

30
Q

What infections are amino glycosides most commonly used to treat?

A

Serious infections caused by aerobic gram-negative rods, includes pseudomonas

31
Q

Name 3 aminoglycosides.

A

Gentamycin
Tobramycin
Amikacin

32
Q

When should amino glycosides not be used?

A

In nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and neuromuscular blockade

33
Q

Which gram-positive series of bacteria are natural penicillins (i.e. penicillin G) not good for?

A

Staphylococcus bacteria

34
Q

Name 2 macrolides.

A

Erythromycin

Clarithromycin

35
Q

Name an antibiotic type used if someone is allergic to penicillin.

A

Macrolide

Medicine (19 decks)

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