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Pharmacology Unit 6 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What is Penicllin (G and V) used for?

A

Streptococcal species (except pneumococcus), mouth anaerobes, Syphilis.

NO staph coverage.

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2
Q

What are the penicillinase-resistant penicillins? What are they used for?

A

Oxacillin and dicloxacillin.

Staph. aureus

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3
Q

What are the aminopenicllins? What are they used for?

A

Ampicillin and amoxicillin.

Used for: Streptococcus (DoC for Enterococcus), mouth anaerobes, E. coli, proteus mirabilis

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4
Q

What is an extended spectrum penicillin? What is it used for?

A

Piperacillin

Used for: all Aminopenicillins, all Proteus, Klebsiella, Serratia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas

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5
Q

What are the two combination therapy penicillins? What are they made of?

A

Zosyn: piperacillin + tazobactam

Augmentin: amoxicillin + clavulanate

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6
Q

What is the principle behind combination therapy penicillins? What are they used for?

A

They are combined with suicide inhibitors that allow penicillins to do their job.

Used for: S. aureus, gut anaerobes, all Haemophilus.

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7
Q

What are the 1st generation cephalosporins? What are they used for?

A

Cefazolin and cephalexin

S. aureus, strep (EXCEPT ENTEROCOCCUS), E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, mouth anaerobes.

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8
Q

What is a 2nd generation cephalosporins? What are they used for?

A

Cefuroxime

1st generation PLUS: Haemophilus (including penicillinase strains), above and below diaphragm anaerobes.

Less S. aureus coverage

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9
Q

What are the 3rd generation cephalosporins?

A

Ceftazadime, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone

Less pneumococcus (except ceftriaxone. All anaerobes, retention against gram negative pleomorphs.

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10
Q

What is a 4th generation cephalosporin?

A

Cefepime

3rd generation PLUS Staphylococcus coverage.

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11
Q

Which type of penicillins have the highest risk of interstitial nephritis?

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin (oxacillin and dicloxacillin)

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12
Q

What are the side effects of Imipenem?

A

Seizures

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13
Q

Which cephalosporins can cross the BBB?

A

3rd and 4th

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14
Q

What are some side effects of vancomycin?

A

Red Man Syndrome, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, thrombocytopenia

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15
Q

What is given with Imipenem to prevent its breakdown into toxic metabolites?

A

Cilastin

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16
Q

Other than allergies, what is another side effect of Daptomycin?

A

Rhabdomyolysis

17
Q

What is a side effect of colistin?

A

It is highly nephrotoxic

18
Q

What is a side effect of levofloxacin?

A

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

19
Q

What is a side effect of metronidazole?

A

Dose-dependent CNS stimulation. Neurotoxic to fetus. Disulfiram–like reaction (because it blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase)

20
Q

What are side effects of the aminoglycosides (gentamicin and tobramycin)?

A

Dose-dependent oto/nephrotoxicity (not observed if used less than 48 hrs)

21
Q

What is a side effect of doxycycline?

A

Skin photosensitivity

22
Q

What is a side effect of Clindamycin?

A

C. difficile overgrowth (colitis)

23
Q

What is a side effect of Linezolid?

A

Agranulocytosis

Pharmacology Unit 6 (15 decks)

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