Antibiotics

Question 1

Targets cell wall

Answer 1

B-Lactams (penicillin), Bacitracin,!vancomycin

Question 2

Target mycolic acid

Answer 2

Isoniazid, ethambutol

Question 3

Target cell membrane

Answer 3

Polymyxin

Question 4

Target folic acid synthesis

Answer 4

Sulfinamides/sulfa drugs (prontosil)

Question 5

Gyrase/Topoisomerase

Answer 5

Quinolones/ (Levofloxacin, Nalidixic acid)

Question 6

RNA polymerase

Answer 6

Rifampin

Question 7

Protein synthesis-targeting the 30S/50S ribosome subunit

Answer 7

Aminoglycosides

Question 8

Penicillin (B-lactam)

Answer 8

Inhibit PBP—-no cell wall

Question 9

Bacitracin (polypeptide antibiotic)

Answer 9

-Isolated from B. Subtilis
-Binds to lipid in the surface of gram+ bacteria, and prevents it from transporting NAGs and NAMs across membrane

Question 10

Vancomycin (Glycopeptide antibiotic)

Answer 10

-Isolated from A. Orientalis
-Inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 11

Mycolic acid synthesis antibiotic

Answer 11

-Isoniazid
-prevents the production of mycolic acid
-Ethambutol
-Prevents mycolic acid from incorporation into the cell wall
-affect gram indeterminants (I.E. M. Tuberculosis)

Question 12

Polymyxins

Answer 12

Bulky molecules that attach to LPS in the outer membrane of gram- microbes

Question 13

Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs)

Answer 13

-Targets S. pyogenes (strep throat)
-synthesized from synthetic prodrug prontosil
-inhibits folic acid synthesis by acting as a competitive inhibitor of PABA

Question 14

Quinolones

Answer 14

-Target DNA replication
-Targets DNA gyrase/topoisomerase II and IV—>leads to DNA fragmentation & cell death
-Antimicrobial (synthetic, not an Abx)

Question 15

Rifampin

Answer 15

-Isolated from A. Rifamycinica
-Used to treat TB and leprosy
-Inhibits RNA polymerases

Question 16

Aminoglycosides

Answer 16

-Isolated from streptomyces
-Used to inhibit M. Tuberculosis growth
-Protein synthesis inhibition
-Protein mistranslation makes it bactericidal

Question 17

Efflux

Answer 17

Pumping the drug out

Question 18

Target modification

Answer 18

Bacteria modifies part of itself in a way that stops Abx from being effective

Question 19

Methicillin

Answer 19

Synthetic penicillin

Question 20

MRSA mechanism

Answer 20

Modified PBP—->no B-lactam binding site