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Drug Key Points > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

penicillins mechanism

A

inhibits peptidoglycan layer formation inhibiting cell wall production

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2
Q

5 indications of amoxicillin

A

Chest infections

CAP

Oral infections

Otitis Media

Sinusitis

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3
Q

what class is cefalexin

A

cephalosporin

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4
Q

cefalexin/ cephalosporin mechanism

A

inhibits peptidoglycan layer formation inhibiting cell wall production

same as penecillins

it is a beta lactic

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5
Q

what condition is cefalexin first line treatment of

A

pyelonephritis

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6
Q

what conditions is cefalexin second line treatment of

A

HAP

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7
Q

which UTI patients are given cefalexin

A

pregnant ones

BUT QUESMED SAYS NITRO IS INDICATED IN PREG

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8
Q

trimethoprim mechanism

A

stops bacteria from making folic acid

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9
Q

can you give trimethoprim in pregnancy

A

not in 1st trimester

you would be more likely to give cefalexin

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10
Q

Nitrofurantoin mechanism

A

it is metabolised in cells by nitrofuran reductase

this active form damages DNA and RNA synthesis causing cell death

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11
Q

can you give nitrofurantoin in pregnancy

A

not in 3rd trimester

you would be more likely to give cefalexin

QUESMED SAYS IT IS INDICATED IN PREG

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12
Q

doxycycline mechanism

A

prevents protein synthesis at the ribosomes

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13
Q

3 indications of doxycycline (1 is first line)

A

STIs first line e.g. chlamydia, syphilis

HAP

Cellulitis (if fluclox is CI)

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14
Q

what tablets should you not take doxycyline with

A

iron or calcium

it binds to them

just a caution

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15
Q

Gentamycin class

A

aminoglycoside

stop protein synthesis at the ribosome- bactericidal

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16
Q

gentamicin mechanism

A

stops protein synthesis at the ribosome- bacteriocidal

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17
Q

4 indications of gentamicin

A

SEEMs serious- only given in serious infections

Septicaemia
Endocarditis (2nd line with vancomycin)
Eye Infections
Meningitis

18
Q

eryhtrhromycin class

A

macrolide

19
Q

erythromycin mechanism

A

stops protein synthesis at the ribosome

20
Q

erythromycin 4 indicationa

A

usually if Amoxicillin is CI

CAP
Otitis Media
Ulcer infections
Cellulitis

21
Q

what ECG change can erythromycin cause

A

prolongs the QT interval

22
Q

ciprofloxacin class

A

quinolone

23
Q

ciprofloxacin mechanism

A

inhibits bacterial DNA replication

24
Q

4 indications of ciprofloxacin

A

only in serious cases where other Abx are not indicated

eye infections

severe OE

UTI

Severe GI infection

25
Q

metronidazole class

A

anaerobic antimicrobial

26
Q

metronidazole mechanism

A

inhibits DNA replication

27
Q

2 indications of metronidazole

A

anaerobic

so

GI infection (1st line peptic ulcer with amoxicillin)

vaginal infection

28
Q

Vancomycin class

A

glycopeptide

29
Q

vancomycin mechanism

A

prevents peptidoglycan layer formation inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis

same as amoxicillin and cefalexin

30
Q

3 indications of vancomycin (2 are first line)

A

HAP first line

Endocarditis first line

cellulitis

31
Q

2 side effects of vancomycin

A

Red man syndrome

thrombophlebitis

32
Q

name the antibiotic that only works on gram positive cocci and baccili

A

Vancomycin

33
Q

name the 2 antibiotics that only work on gram positive cocci and gram negative cocci

A

erythromycin

metronidazole

34
Q

name the 2 antibiotics that work on gram positive cocci, gram negative cocci and gram negative bacilli

A

doxycyline

ciprofloxacin

35
Q

name the 3 antibiotics that act on peptidoglycan layer cell wall synthesis

A

amoxicillin

cefalexin

vancomycin

36
Q

name the antibiotic that prevents folic acid production

A

trimethoprim

37
Q

name the antibiotic that prevents RNA and DNA production

A

nitrofurantoin

38
Q

name the 3 antibiotics that stop protein synthesis at the ribosomes

A

doxycycline

gentamycin

erythromycin

39
Q

name the 3 antibiotics that prevent DNA synthesis

A

Nitrofurantoin (also stops RNA)

Ciprofloxacin

Metronidazole

40
Q

what antibiotics do you give in h.pylori peptic ulcer disease

A 
Amoxicillin 
AND
either:
Clarithromycin 
or 
Metronidazole

Drug Key Points (6 decks)

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