Antibiotics Flashcards
penicillins mechanism
inhibits peptidoglycan layer formation inhibiting cell wall production
5 indications of amoxicillin
Chest infections
CAP
Oral infections
Otitis Media
Sinusitis
what class is cefalexin
cephalosporin
cefalexin/ cephalosporin mechanism
inhibits peptidoglycan layer formation inhibiting cell wall production
same as penecillins
it is a beta lactic
what condition is cefalexin first line treatment of
pyelonephritis
what conditions is cefalexin second line treatment of
HAP
which UTI patients are given cefalexin
pregnant ones
BUT QUESMED SAYS NITRO IS INDICATED IN PREG
trimethoprim mechanism
stops bacteria from making folic acid
can you give trimethoprim in pregnancy
not in 1st trimester
you would be more likely to give cefalexin
Nitrofurantoin mechanism
it is metabolised in cells by nitrofuran reductase
this active form damages DNA and RNA synthesis causing cell death
can you give nitrofurantoin in pregnancy
not in 3rd trimester
you would be more likely to give cefalexin
QUESMED SAYS IT IS INDICATED IN PREG
doxycycline mechanism
prevents protein synthesis at the ribosomes
3 indications of doxycycline (1 is first line)
STIs first line e.g. chlamydia, syphilis
HAP
Cellulitis (if fluclox is CI)
what tablets should you not take doxycyline with
iron or calcium
it binds to them
just a caution
Gentamycin class
aminoglycoside
stop protein synthesis at the ribosome- bactericidal
gentamicin mechanism
stops protein synthesis at the ribosome- bacteriocidal
4 indications of gentamicin
SEEMs serious- only given in serious infections
Septicaemia
Endocarditis (2nd line with vancomycin)
Eye Infections
Meningitis
eryhtrhromycin class
macrolide
erythromycin mechanism
stops protein synthesis at the ribosome
erythromycin 4 indicationa
usually if Amoxicillin is CI
CAP
Otitis Media
Ulcer infections
Cellulitis
what ECG change can erythromycin cause
prolongs the QT interval
ciprofloxacin class
quinolone
ciprofloxacin mechanism
inhibits bacterial DNA replication
4 indications of ciprofloxacin
only in serious cases where other Abx are not indicated
eye infections
severe OE
UTI
Severe GI infection
metronidazole class
anaerobic antimicrobial
metronidazole mechanism
inhibits DNA replication
2 indications of metronidazole
anaerobic
so
GI infection (1st line peptic ulcer with amoxicillin)
vaginal infection
Vancomycin class
glycopeptide
vancomycin mechanism
prevents peptidoglycan layer formation inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis
same as amoxicillin and cefalexin
3 indications of vancomycin (2 are first line)
HAP first line
Endocarditis first line
cellulitis
2 side effects of vancomycin
Red man syndrome
thrombophlebitis
name the antibiotic that only works on gram positive cocci and baccili
Vancomycin
name the 2 antibiotics that only work on gram positive cocci and gram negative cocci
erythromycin
metronidazole
name the 2 antibiotics that work on gram positive cocci, gram negative cocci and gram negative bacilli
doxycyline
ciprofloxacin
name the 3 antibiotics that act on peptidoglycan layer cell wall synthesis
amoxicillin
cefalexin
vancomycin
name the antibiotic that prevents folic acid production
trimethoprim
name the antibiotic that prevents RNA and DNA production
nitrofurantoin
name the 3 antibiotics that stop protein synthesis at the ribosomes
doxycycline
gentamycin
erythromycin
name the 3 antibiotics that prevent DNA synthesis
Nitrofurantoin (also stops RNA)
Ciprofloxacin
Metronidazole
what antibiotics do you give in h.pylori peptic ulcer disease
Amoxicillin AND either: Clarithromycin or Metronidazole
