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Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Effectiveness of antibiotics depends on what factors?

A
  1. Location of infection
  2. Ability of the antibiotic to reach the infection
  3. Ability of the bacteria to resist or inactivate the antibiotic
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2
Q

Bacteriostatic. Once the bacteria multiplication is slowed the body’s immune system is able to rid of the bacteria.

A

Sulfonamides

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3
Q

Used to treat UTI, E coli, Staph aureus, MRSA, Klebsiella Enterobacter

A

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Sulfonamides)

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4
Q

Adverse reactions include hematologic changes such as decreased white blood cells, platelets, & red blood cells.

Photosensitivity, burn easier in the sun, anorexia, and Steven Johnson syndrome

Use with caution in G6PD patients; may cause hemolysis

A

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Sulfonamides)

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5
Q

Prevent bacteria from using a substance that is necessary for the maintenance of the bacteria’s outer wall

A

Penicillins

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6
Q

Adverse reactions include sore tongue and mouth

A

Pencillins

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7
Q

What can be used in the treatment of anthrax, septicemia, meningitis, intra-abdominal infections, gonorrhea, syphilis, pneumonia, cellulitis, strep

A

Penicillins

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8
Q

Amoxicillin is used in the treatment of what?

A

Otitis media & Acute sinusitis

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9
Q

Why are cephalosporines divided into first and later generations?

A

To show an increase in coverage of gram-negative microorganisms

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10
Q

Used on infections caused by streptococci, staphylococci, Citrobacter, gonococci, shigella, and clostridia?

A

Cephalosporines

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11
Q

All cephalosporins start with what?

A

Cef-/Ceph-

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12
Q

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, which is a process necessary for reproduction

A

Tetracyclines

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13
Q

Examples of tetracyclines include:

A

Doxy-cycline
Tetra-cycline
Mino-cycline

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14
Q

What can cause GI disturbances, photosensitivity, and is not given to children under the age of 9 because it can cause permanent discoloration of teeth?

A

Tetracyclines

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15
Q

Tetracyclines are what type of pregnancy class?

A

Class D

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16
Q

Used in the treatment of Acne vulgaris, Rickettsia and malaria

A

Tetracyclines

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17
Q

Used in the treatment for chlamydia trachomatous

A

Doxycycline

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18
Q

Bind to the cell membrane and cause changes in protein synthesis

A

Macrolides

19
Q

First line of therapy for chlamydia

A

Azithromycin

20
Q

An alternate to treat otitis media when amoxicillin is not used

A

Macrolides

21
Q

Treatment of skin infections, pneumonia, H. Plyori, alternate for strep throat instead of PCNs

A

Macrolides

22
Q

When would you not prescribe macrolides?

A

Preexisting liver disease

23
Q

Examples of macrolides end in what?

A

-THROMYCIN

Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Telithromycin

24
Q

Bactericidal by interfering with their DNA and prevents cell reproduction, leading to death

A

Fluoroquinolones

25
Q

Serious and disabling adverse reactions, including tendinitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects

A

Fluoroquinolones: (FLOXACIN)
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin

26
Q

Do not use on children younger than 18, pregnancy class C, history of seizures, history of heart arrhythmias

A

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin (fluoroquinolones)

27
Q

Bactericidal. Disrupt the functional ability of the bacterial cell membrane, causing death.

A

Aminoglycosides

  • Gentamicin
  • Neomycin
28
Q

Primarily used in a hospital setting for gram neg, bacterial meningitis, intra abdominal infection, complicated UTI’s

A

Aminoglycosides

  • Gentamicin
  • Neomycin
29
Q

Adverse reactions include Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, and Neurotoxicity

A

Aminoglycosides

  • Gentamicin
  • Neomycin
30
Q

Contraindications include patients requiring long term therapy, pre-existing hearing loss and during lactation (Class D)

A

Aminoglycosides

  • Gentamicin
  • Neomycin
31
Q

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to several of the penicillin binding proteins which in turn inhibit the final step in cell wall synthesis

A

Carbapenems (-PENEM)

  • Imipenem
  • Meropenem
  • Ertapenem
32
Q

Used in severe infections with drug resistant organisms, hospital acquired pneumonia, meningitis, intra-abdominal infections, prosthetic joint infection, necrotizing soft tissue infections, pyelonephritis

A

Carbapenems (-PENEM)

  • Imipenem
  • Meropenem
  • Ertapenem
33
Q

Adverse effects include HA, skin rash, nausea, diarrhea, anemia, seizure, renal failure, or C. Difficile

A

Carbapenems (-PENEM)

  • Imipenem
  • Meropenem
  • Ertapenem
34
Q

Contraindications include Seizure disorder, Steven-Johnson syndrome, and renal impairment

A

Carbapenems (-PENEM)

  • Imipenem
  • Meropenem
  • Ertapenem
35
Q

Inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death in susceptible organisms

A

Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole (-razole/-dazole)

  • Metronidazole
  • Tinidazole
  • Nimorazole
  • Dimetridazole
36
Q

Used on anaerobic bacterial infections, gynecological, Intra-abdominal infections (Peritonitis, adjunct diverticulitis, intra-abdominal abscess), skin and skin structure infections (Clostridium spp.), Antiprotozoal therapies (Amebiasis, Giardiasis)

A

Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole (-daZOLE/-raZOLE)

  • Metronidazole
  • Tinidazole
  • Nimorazole
  • Dimetridazole
37
Q

Adverse reactions include headache (18%), nausea (10-12%), Vaginitis (15%), and metallic taste (9%)

A

Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole (-razole/-dazole)

  • Metronidazole
  • Tinidazole
  • Nimorazole
  • Dimetridazole
38
Q

Contraindications include first trimester patients with trichomoniasis, used disulfiram within the past 2 weeks, Use of alcohol (includes 3 days after therapy discontinuation)

A

Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole (-raZOLE/-daZOLE)

  • Metronidazole
  • Tinidazole
  • Nimorazole
  • Dimetridazole
39
Q

Disrupts protein synthesis and causes changes in the cell wall surface, which decrease adherence of bacteria to host cells and increases intracellular killing of organisms

Exerts an extended post-antibiotic effect against some strain of bacteria

Considered a bacteriostatic but bactericidal against some strains of staphylococci, streptococci, anaerobes such as Bacteroides fragilis

A

Lincosamides

  • Clindamycin
  • Lincomycin
40
Q

Used on MRSA, purulent cellulitis, peritonsillar abscess, toxic shock syndrome

A

Lincosamides

  • Clindamycin
  • Lincomycin
41
Q

Used on pharyngitis, odontogenic infections, rhinosinusitis when patients are allergic to PCN

A

Lincosamides

  • Clindamycin
  • Lincomycin
42
Q

What would you use on a human or animal bite wound?

A

Lincosamides

  • Clindamycin
  • Lincomycin
43
Q

Adverse reactions include abd pain, antibiotic-associated colitis, C Diff, esophageal ulcer, esophagitis, unpleasant taste (IV), vomiting. HTN (IV) & Thrombophlebitis (IV).
Metallic taste with IV use.

A

Lincosamides

  • Clindamycin
  • Lincomycin

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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