Antibiotics Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Antibiotics

A

These are natural products of fungi and bacteria -soil dwellers
Natural antagonism and selective advantage
Kill or inhibit the growth of other micro-organisms

Most derived from natural products through fermentation then get modified chemically

This tends to increase their pharmacological properties and antimicrobial effects

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2
Q

What is a main principle of antibiotics being used as a therapeutic agent ?

A

Being selectively toxic

Due to differences in structure and metabolic pathways between host and pathogen

Harm micro-organisms not the host

Target in microbe not host

Difficult for viruses (intracellular ),fungi and parasites

The effect it will have on commensal flora

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3
Q

What is therapeutic margin ?

A

The active dose (MIC) versus toxic effect

This is narrow for toxic drugs such as
aminoglycosides,vancomycin
(ototoxic and nephrotoxic)

There are no safe drugs so the therapeutic imperative is balanced with host damage

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4
Q

What does MIC stand for ?

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration

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5
Q

What is ototoxic ?

A

the property of being toxic to the ear

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6
Q

What is nephrotoxic ?

A

This is the toxicity to the kidneys

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7
Q

Define microbial antagonism

A

Maintains flora-complex interactions

Competition between flora

Limits the growth of competitors and pathogens

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8
Q

What is antibiotic associated colitis?

A

This occurs when broad spectrum highly potent antibiotics damage the flora leading to an overgrowth of pathogen /bacteria.

This means that clostridium dificile will over grow

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9
Q

What are some factors which may cause immunosuppression ?

A

SLIDE

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10
Q

What are the three categories through which antibiotics are classified ?

A

Activity
Structure
Target site

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11
Q

What are bactericidal antibiotics ?

A

These kill bacteria
Used when the host defence mechanism are impaired
Required in endocarditis, kidney and infection

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12
Q

What are bacteriostatic antibiotics ?

A

These will inhibit bacteria
These are used when the host defence mechanism are intact
Used in infectious diseases

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13
Q

What are the two antibiotic spectrum types ?

A

Broad specturm antibiotics
Effective against many types
e.g. Cefotaxime

Narrow spectrum antibiotics
Effective against very few types
Penicillin G

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14
Q

What are the different structures of antibiotics ?

A

SLIDE

Dont need to learn

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15
Q

What are some targets on bacteria for selective toxicity ?

A

SLIDE

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