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Infectologia > Antibioticos > Flashcards

Antibioticos Flashcards

1
Q

Penicilina naturales

A

V
G
Sodica
Proteinica
Benzatinica

Actúan en pared

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2
Q

Dicloxacilina, meticilina, oxacilina y cloxacilina

A

Pared

Penicilinas resistentes a penicilinasa

Staphs SSM y SRM resistente a meticilina

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3
Q

Amoxiclav y ampicilina/sulbactam

A

Pared

Aminopenicilinas

Cubre CGP (staph y strepto), BGN y anaerobios

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4
Q

Piperacilina y tazobactam

A

Pared

Carboxipenicilinas

Anaerobios, pseudomonas y BGN

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5
Q

Cefazolina, cefalexina y cefadroxilo

A

1ra gen cefalosporinas

Pared

CGP y BGN - poquito

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6
Q

Cefaclor y Cefuroxima

A

Pared

2da gen cefalosporinas

CGP y BGN

Medio inútiles

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7
Q

Cefaclor y Cefuroxima

A

Pared

2da gen cefalosporinas

CGP y BGN

Medio inútiles

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8
Q

Cefpodoxima, cefixima, cefditoren, ceftibuteno, ceftriaxona, cefotaxima

A

Pared

3ra gen cefalosporinas

CGP y BGN

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9
Q

Ceftazidima

A

Pared

3ra gen cefalosporinas

CGP, BGN

Única que cubre pseudomonas de 3ra gen cef

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10
Q

Ceftazidima

A

Pared

3ra gen cefalosporinas

CGP, BGN

Única que cubre pseudomonas de 3ra gen cef

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11
Q

Cefepime, ceftolozane, tazobactam

A

Pared

4ta gen cefalosporinas

CGP y BGN (pseudomonas igual ***)

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12
Q

Ceftarolina

A

Pared

5ta gen cefalosporinas

MRSA, BGN, pseudomonas

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13
Q

Ertapenem

A

Pared

Carbapenémicos

NO cubre pseudomonas - único

CGP, BGN, BLEE, anaerobios

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14
Q

Imipenem, doripenem, meropenem

A

Pared

Carbapenémicos

SI cubren pseudomonas

CGP, BGN. BLEE, anaerobios

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15
Q

Ácido nalidíxico

A

ADN girasa

1ra gen quinolonas

GN en IVUs y cistitis

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16
Q

Norfloxacino y ciprofloxacino

A

ADN girasa

2da gen quinolonas

GN, pseudomonas (oral ciproflox)

17
Q

Levofloxacino

A

ADN girasa

3ra gen quinolonas

GN, pseudomonas, GP e intracelulares

18
Q

Moxifloxacino

A

ADN girasa

4ta gen quinolonas

GN, pseudomonas, GP, intracelulares y anaerobios

19
Q

Amikacina

A

30s y 50s

Aminoglucósidos

GN - entero y pseudomonas

20
Q

Estreptomicina

A

30s y 50s

Aminoglucósidos

Tb

21
Q

Gentamicina

A

30s y 50s

Aminoglucósidos

GP

22
Q

Tobramicina

A

30s y 50s

Aminoglucósidos

FQ - se toma inhalado

23
Q

Neomicina

A

30s y 50s

Aminoglucósidos

Piel

24
Q

Vancomicina

A

Inhibe síntesis de glucopéptidos

Glucopéptidos

GP - MRSA, C. diff, SCTN RM

Sinergia con aminoglucósidos, betalactámicos, fosfomicina y TMP

25
Q

Eritromicina, claritromicina, azitromicina

A

50s - inhibe lecutra de ARN

Macrólidos

S pyogenes e intracelulares

26
Q

Doxiciclina

A

30s

Tetraciclinas

Bacterias raras y poco frecuentes - brucella, ricketsia, legionella, borreloa, coxiella, leptospira

27
Q

Tigeciclina

A

30s

Tetraciclinas

BLEE, KPC, Acinetobacter MDR

28
Q

TMP/SMZ

A

PABA - inhibe síntesis de ácido fólico

Sulfonamidas

Elección para S maltophilia

P jirovecii, micobacterias atípicas, cuclospora cayetanensis, hongos,

Siempre con antibiograma

29
Q

Rifampicina y rifabutina

A

Inhiben ARN

Rifamicina

Tb y GP

30
Q

Clindamicina

A

50s

Lincosamidas

GP, aero y anaerobios

Infecciones no complicadas

31
Q

Linezolid y tedizolid

A

50s

Oxazolidinonas

GP - MRSA, SCTN RM, ERP, ERV, GP resistentes

32
Q

Metronidazol

A

Actúa en citoplasma y dañan ADN

Nitroimidazoles

Elección para C diff

Actúa contra protozoos, bacterias anaerobias,

Efecto disulfiram

33
Q

Daptomicina

A

Despolariza la bacteria y hace que pierda K en presencia de Calcio

Lipopéptidos

GP, MRSA, SCTN RM, ERP, ERV, GP resistentes

Despolariza al músculo

34
Q

Colistina y polimixina B

A

Matan a la bacteria por acción electrostática

Polimixinas

GN MDR, Pseudomonas MDR

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