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Principles - Microbiology > Antibiotic Resistance > Flashcards

Antibiotic Resistance Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a biofilm?

A

A collection give of one or more types of microorganism

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2
Q

What are organisms in biofilms resistant to?

A

Antimicrobial agents and host defences

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3
Q

What is a persister cell?

A

Dormant variants of regular cells that are enriched in biofilms

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4
Q

Are persister cells tolerant or resistant?

A

Tolerant

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5
Q

What is the rate of growth in persister cells?

A

Very slow

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6
Q

What is resistance?

A

When a drug is no longer active against an entire population of cells

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7
Q

What kind of advantage does resistance provide?

A

Selective

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8
Q

What are the two types of resistance?

A

Cross

Multiple

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9
Q

What is cross resistance?

A

A single mechanism that occurs with closely related antibiotics

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10
Q

What is multiple resistance?

A

Multiple mechanisms that occurs with unrelated antibiotics

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11
Q

What are four antimicrobial drug resistance mechanisms?

A

Altered permeability
Inactivation
Altered target site
Replacement of a sensitive pathway

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12
Q

What are the two types of altered permeability?

A

Altered influx

Active efflux

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13
Q

When influx is altered, what is reduced?

A

OmpF (quinolones)

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14
Q

In active efflux, what is active?

A

An energy dependent pump

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15
Q

What are inactivated in an antimicrobial drug resistance mechanism?

A

Beta-lactamase

Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase

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16
Q

What are the two types of beta-lactamases?

A

Penicillinase

Cephalosporinase

17
Q

What do penicillinase and cephalosporinase include?

A

Clavulanic acid sensitive and insensitive

18
Q

What is penicillinase resistant to?

A

Early penicillins such as amoxicillin

19
Q

Is penicillinase largely gram positive or negative?

A

Positive

20
Q

What is Extended Spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) resistant to?

A

All penicillins

third generation cephalosporins and monobactams?

21
Q

What are three types of beta-lactamases?

A

Penicillinase
Extended spectrum beta-lactamses
Carabpenemase

22
Q

What is carbapenemase (CPE) based in?

A

Serine

Metalloenzyme

23
Q

What is carbapenemase resistant to?

A

All penicillins
All cephalosporins
Casrbapenems

Principles - Microbiology (6 decks)

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