antibiotic resistance 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

reasons for natural resistance

A

target not present e.g may have dufferent taregts in cell wall so penicillins cant bind

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2
Q

biofilm

A

community of microorganisms enclosed within a matrix

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3
Q

persistor cells

A

highly tolerant to antibiotics may escape the effects of antibiotics without genetic change

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4
Q

are persistor cells fast or slow growing

A

slow

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5
Q

cross resistance

A

resistant to substances whihc have a similar mechanism

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6
Q

multiple resistance

A

bacteria that resist treatment with one or more antibiotics

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7
Q

component of the strain of MRSA which causes severe skin infections

A

panton valentine leukocidin; assoc with hihgly virulent strains of staph aur

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8
Q

area most commonly missed on hand washing

A

inner thumb onto palm part

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9
Q

ESBLs:

A

enzymes which inacitvate penicillins , produced by some gram negatives

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10
Q

Increased efflux

A

Efflux pumps actively export antibiotics out of the bacterial cell

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11
Q

transfer of dna

A

via transformation transduction or conjugation

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12
Q

conjugation

A

replication and transfer of plasmid DNA - plasmid DNA may contain genes for resistance

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13
Q

transformation

A

when bacteria die and the cells break apart, ‘free-floating’ DNA released into surrounding environment may be ‘scavenged’ by other bacteria and incorporated into DNA - the DNA may contain genes for antibiotic resistance

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14
Q

transduction

A

bacterial DNA transferred from one bacterium to the other inside a virus that infects bacteria (bacteriophages)

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