Antibiotic Names Flashcards
Examples of sulphonamides
Prontosil
Trimethoprim
Sulfa-methoxazole
Examples of beta-lactams
Penicillin
Methicillin
Aminoglycosides examples
Gentamycin
Streptomycin
Examples of macrolides
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
How sulphonamides work
Bacteriostatic
Synthetic
- prontosil: UTI/HIV/bacteraemia. Gram +vs. V toxic.
How beta-lactams work
Binds to PBP (penicillin binding protein);
Interferes with cell wall synthesis
How aminoglycosides work
Bactericidal/
Target 30s ribosome subunit/
RNA proofreading/
protein synthesis/
Damage cell membrane
Toxic
How rifampicin work
Bactericidal/
Target RpoB subunit of RNA polymerase/
Spontaneous resistance- frequent.
Secretion go orange.
How vancomycin work
Bactericidal/
Target lipid II component of cell wall biosynthesis/
Wall cross linking via D-ala residues
MRSA
Toxic
How linezolid work
Bacteriostatic/
Inhibit initiation of protein synthesis by binding to 50s rRNA subunit/
Gram +ve bacteria
How daptomycin work
Bactericidal/
Targets bacterial cell membrane/
Gram -ve bacteria but toxicity limit dose
How macrolides work
Target 50s ribosomal subunit, preventing amino-acyl transfer and thus truncation of polypeptides.
Gram +ve
Some gram -ve
How quinolones work
Synthetic, broad spectrum,
Bactericidal,
Target DNA gyrase in gram -ve/
Target topoisomerase in gram +v
