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Antibiotics > Antibacterial Mechanisms > Flashcards

Antibacterial Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of penicillins

A

structural analog of D-Ala-D-Ala that binds transpeptidases to block peptidoglycan cross-linking in the cell wall

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2
Q

Extended spectrum penicillins

A

penicillinase sensitive penicillins

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3
Q

penicillinase sensitive penicillins

A

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

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4
Q

Narrow Spectrum penicillins

A

penicillinase resistant penicillins

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5
Q

penicillinase resistant penicillins

A

Dicloxacillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin

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6
Q

Antipseudomonals

A

ticarcillin

piperacillin

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7
Q

beta lactam inhibitors

A

clavulanic acid
sulbactam
tazobactam

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8
Q

Mechanism of Monobactams

A

prevents peptidoglycan cross linking by binding to PBP3

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9
Q

Mechanism of Vancomycin

A

inhibits cell wall peptidoglycan formation by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala portion of cell wall precursors

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10
Q

Mechanism of aminoglycosides

A

irreversible inhibition of initiation complex by binding 30S ribosomal subunit

causes misreading of mRNA and blocks translocation

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11
Q

Mechanism of tetracyclines

A

binds to 30S ribosomal subunit to prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA

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12
Q

Mechanism of Chloramphenicol

A

inhbits peptidyl transferase at 50S subunit

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13
Q

Mechanism of Clindamycin

A

blocks translocation by binding to 50S subunit

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14
Q

Mechanism of Linezolid

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S subunit and preventing the formation of the initiation complex

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15
Q

Mechanism of Macrolides

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 23S rRNA of the 50 ribosomal subunit and blocking translocation

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16
Q

Mechanism of polymixins

A

bind to phospholipids on cell membranes to disrupt membrane integrity and cause leakage of cellular components

17
Q

Mechanism of Sulfonamides

A

inhibits dihydropterate synthase to inhibit folate synthesis

18
Q

Mechanism of Dapsone

A

inhibits dihydropterate synthase to inhibit folate synthesis

19
Q

Mechanism of trimethoprim

A

inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

20
Q

Mechanism of Fluoroquinolones

A

inhibits prokaryotic DNA Gyrase

21
Q

Mechanism of Daptomycin

A

disrupts cell membranes by creating transmembrane channels (pores)

22
Q

Mechanism of Metronidazole

A

forms toxic free radicals in the cell that damages DNA

23
Q

Mechanism of Rifampin

A

inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase

24
Q

Mechanism of Isoniazid

A

decreases synthesis of mycolic acids

25
Q

Mechanism of Ethambutol

A

blocks arabinosyltransferase, which decreases carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall

26
Q

Mechanism of Streptomycin

A

interferes with 30S ribosomal subunit

Antibiotics (7 decks)

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