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Orgmed > Antibacterial Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibacterial Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Interfere with last step of cell wall synthesis (transpeptidation or cross
linking)

A

Penicillins (Penicillum notatum)

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2
Q

Beta lactam attached to:

A

thiazolidine ring, Nucleus: 6 aminopenicillanic acid

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3
Q

Beta lactamase Inhibitors

A

(Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam)

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4
Q

No antibacterial activity. They inactivate beta lactamases

A

Beta lactamase Inhibitors (Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam)

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5
Q

The beta lactam ring is not fused to another ring, no cross sensitivity with penicillin

A

Monobactam

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6
Q

magic bullet for Pseudomonas

A

Aztreonam

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7
Q

Thienamycin, Meropenem, Imipenem (cleaved by dihydropeptidase; cilastatin)

A

Carbapenems

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8
Q

Drugs under Natural Penicillins

A 
Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin) PO, IV, IM(Procaine and Benzathine) Use: RHD and Syphilis
Penicillin V (Phenoxymethylpenicillin) PO
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9
Q

Drugs under Penicillinase Resistant/Antistaphylococcal Penicillins/Narrow Spectrum

A 
Methicillin (2,6 dimethoxyphenylpenicillin) Prototype; off the market (interstitial nephritis)
Nafcillin (2 ethocy 1 phenylpenicillin)
Isoxazolyl Penicillins (Oxacillin, Cloxacillin,Dicloxacillin best absorbed orally)
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10
Q

Drugs under Aminopenicillins/Broad Spectrum

A

Ampicillin (Parenteral, poor GI absorption) Prodrugs: Hetacillin, Bacampicillin, Cyclacillin
Amoxicillin (PO)

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11
Q

Drugs under Extended Spectrum/Anti Pseudomonal Penicillins

A

Carboxypenicillins (Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin)

Ureidopenicillins (Piperacillin most potent, Azlocillin, Mezlocillin)

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12
Q

only for G-

A

Gramicidin (S. Brevis)

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13
Q

only for G+ ; MOA: Alter cell membrane permeability; Polymixin B and Colostin (Polymixin E)

A

Polymyxin (B. Polymyxa)

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14
Q

nephrotoxic (not for IV)

A

Bacitracin (B. Subtilis)

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15
Q

DOC for Pseudomembranous colitis and MPSA

A

Vancomycin (S. Orientalis)

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16
Q

Only IV (not orally absorbed);

A

Vancomycin (S. Orientalis)

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17
Q

Adverse effects of Vancomycin

A

Flushing (Red Man Syndrome)

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18
Q

Classes that binds to 30s subunit

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES, TETRACYCLINES

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19
Q

Classes that binds to 50s subunit

A

MACROLIDES, LINCOSAMIDES, CHLORAMPHENICOL

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20
Q

Drugs under Aminoglycosides

A

(Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Netilmicin, Neomycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin from Kanamycin A)

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21
Q

Drugs under Tetracyclines

A

(Doxycycline, Minocycline, Tetracycline, Demeclocycline)

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22
Q

ingestion of expired tetracycline

A

Fanconi like syndrome

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23
Q

Broadest spectrum antibiotic

A

TETRACYCLINES (Doxycycline, Minocycline, Tetracycline, Demeclocycline)

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24
Q

Adverse effects of tetracyclines

A

Gastric discomfort, deposition in the bones and primary dentition causing discoloration and hypoplasia of the teeth and a temporary stunting of growth, hepatotoxicity, phototoxicity (demeclocycline), vestibular problems (minocycline)

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25
Q

IV (not absorbed orally) except neomycin (topical and oral only)

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES (Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Netilmicin, Neomycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin from Kanamycin A)

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26
Q

Streptomyces (mycin) | Micromonospora (micin)

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

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27
Q

Adverse effects of aminoglycosides

A

Allergic reactions, Muscle relaxation, Incompatile with B lactams, Nephrotoxic (neomycin)
Ototoxic (streptomycin), G cocci only

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28
Q

Common chemical characteristics of MACROLIDES

A

A large lactone ring, A ketone group, A glycosidically linked amino sugar

29
Q

Alternative/DOC for Pen G allergy and Legionnaire’s disease

A

Erythromycin (Ilotycin) S. erythreus

30
Q

Used with Omeprazole or Lansoprazole (H.pylori eradication), more potent for strep and staph

A

Clarithromycin

31
Q

For nongonococcal urethritis (Chlamydia, LRTI, PID, pharyngitis, Legionnaire’s)

A

Azithromycin, OD

32
Q

For typhoid fever (Ceftriaxone new DOC), meningococcal infections and H.influenza infections in cephalosporin allergic patients, anaerobic infections

A

CHLORAMPHENICOL (S. venezuelae)

33
Q

For abdominal and female genitourinary tract infections caused by B. fragilis

A

LINCOSAMIDES (Clindamycin) Streptomyces lincolnensis

34
Q

Esters (eg. stearate, estolate, and ethylsuccinate) have improved acid stability

A

Erythromycin (Ilotycin) S. erythreus

35
Q

Adverse effects of Erythromycin (Ilotycin)

A

epigastric distress, cholestatic jaundice (estolate form of erythromycin)

36
Q

40 to 68 hours half life is prolonged because of extensive tissue sequestration and binding (↑Vd)

A

Azithromycin, OD

37
Q

Sulfur containing; Resemble sulfonamides in antibacterial spectrum and biochemical MOA

A

LINCOSAMIDES (Clindamycin) Streptomyces lincolnensis

38
Q

Adverse effects of Lincosamides

A

Pseudomembranous colitis, rash

39
Q

DOC for Pseudomembranous colitis, rash

A

Vancomycin

40
Q

Bone marrow suppression

A

(dose related)

41
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

(non dose related)

42
Q

Gray Baby Syndrome

A

(neonates)

43
Q

Used topically for impetigo, eczema, staphylococcal and beta hemolytic streptococcal infections

A

MUPIROCIN (Pseudomonas fluorescens)

44
Q

topical treatment of burns

A

Nitrofurazone

45
Q

DOC for E. Histolytica, G. Lambia, Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

46
Q

Treatment of Chagas’ disease/American Sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma cruzi)

A

Nifurtimox

47
Q

Vector: reduviid bug/kissing bug

A

Nifurtimox

48
Q

diarrhea (SPEcKs;) CI: Alcohol

A

Furazolidone (PO)

49
Q

Urinary antiseptic

A

Nitrofurantoin

50
Q

Metallic taste, Disulfiram like effect

A

Metronidazole

51
Q

DOC for leprosy (Test: G6PD)

A

Dapsone

52
Q

Chloroquine resistant malaria

A

Quinine + pyrimethamine + sulfadoxime (Fansidar®)

53
Q

DOC for Pneumocystis carinii

A

Bactrim; alternative drug: Pentamidine (aromatic diamide)

54
Q

Burn therapy

A

Silver sulfadiazine and Mafenide (Flammazine®)

55
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Sodium sulfacetamide

56
Q

Patterned after nalidixic acid (introduced for the treatment of UTI and URTI)

A

QUINOLONES

57
Q

Mechanism of Action of MUPIROCIN (Pseudomonas fluorescens)

A

Inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis

58
Q

Mechanism of Action of MUPIROCIN (Pseudomonas fluorescens)

A

Inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis

59
Q

Mechanism of Action of QUINOLONES

A

Inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II)

60
Q

Mechanism of Action of SULFONAMIDES

A

Compete with PABA for dihydropteroate synthetase—prevents synthesis of folic acid

61
Q

adverse effects of QUINOLONES

A

Diarrhea, nausea, headache, dizziness, nephrotoxicity, phototoxicity

62
Q

adverse effects of SULFONAMIDES

A

Crystalluria, Steven Johnson Syndrome, Kernicterus, Anemia

63
Q

have enhanced antibacterial activity

A

Fluoroquinolones

64
Q

most potent

A

Ciprofloxacin

65
Q

anti pseudomonal

A

Norfloxacin

66
Q

Chelates with metals

A

QUINOLONES

67
Q

(essential for antibacterial activity)

A

1,4 dihydro 4 oxo 3 pyridinecarboxylic acid moiety

68
Q

Sulfonamides are usually used with

A

dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (e.g Trimethoprim)

69
Q

studied a bright dye, Prontosil (metabolized in vivo to sulfanilamide active)

A

Gerard Domagk

Orgmed (10 decks)

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