Antianxiety Agents Flashcards
Diazepam
Benzo
Active metabolite: desmethyldiazepam
Long half life
Tx: anxiety, withdrawal, muscle relaxant
Chlordiazepoxide
Benzo
Alprazolam
Benzo
Active metabolite: alpha-hydroxy metabolites
Short half life
Tx: insomnia, anxiety
Oxazepam
d
Lorazepam
Benzo
Is metabolized to inactive metabolites and excreted in urine
Intermediate half life (10-18 hrs)
Tx: insomnia, anxiety, muscle relaxant
Midazolam
Benzo
Active metabolite: alpha-hydroxy metabolites
Very short half life!
Pre-anesthetic
Flumazenil
GABAa receptor antagonist
Blocks effects of both agonists and inverse agonists
No biological effects by itself
Zolpidem
Not benzo but interacts with BZ receptors
Increases freq of Cl- channel opening
Metabolized by CYP3A4 and hepatic aldehyde oxidase to make inactive metabolites
Short half life of a couple hours
Helps with sleep
Heart failure: causes cardiovasc depression
IV admin: cardio and resp depression
Zaleplon
Not benzo but interacts with BZ receptors
Increases freq of Cl- channel opening
Metabolized by CYP3A4 and hepatic aldehyde oxidase to make inactive metabolites
Short half life of a couple hours
Helps with sleep
Heart failure: causes cardiovasc depression
IV admin: cardio and resp depression
Pentobarbital
Barbiturate-IV
Short onset
Intermediate half-life (15-50 hrs)
Tx: preoperative sedation
Phenobarbital
Barbiturate- oral
Long onset
Long half-life
Tx: anticonvulsant
Amobarbital
Barbiturate-IV
Very short onset
Short half life
Tx: preoperative sedation
Thiopental
Barbiturate-IV
Very short onset
Very short half-life
Tx: anesthesia induction
Buspirone
Miscellaneous anxiolytic Partial agonist for 5HT1a receptor Metabolized by CYP3A4 No CNS depression, only anxiolytic effects No physical dependence No withdrawal symptoms No interaction with EtOH Onset: 1-3 weeks
Propranolol
Miscellaneous anxiolytic
Block autonomic effects
Tx: disabling situational anxiety
