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M3 Respiration & Circulation > Anti-Thrombotics > Flashcards

Anti-Thrombotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the uses of Aspirin?

A

1- Anti-platelet (low doses)
2- anti-inflammatory
3- anti-pyretic
4- analgesic

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2
Q

How long does the effect of aspirin last?

A

life-span of platelet (7-10 days)

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3
Q

What is aspirins mechanism of action?

A

Blocks COX1 & 2 which will block thromboxane A2

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4
Q

What are Aspirin’s adverse effects?

A
  • bleeding
  • dyspepsia
  • precipitation of asthma
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5
Q

Aspirin is contraindicated with what drug?

A

increases risk of bleeding with anticoagulants

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6
Q

during an ischemic stroke of transient ischemic attack, what drug should be used in combination with aspirin?

A

Dipyridamole

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of dipyridamole?

A

inhibits adenosine uptake

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8
Q

what drug is dipyridamole contraindicated with?

A

atenolol: increases risk of hypertension

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9
Q

Which drug prevents the binding of fibrinogen and is a monoclonal antibody?

A

Abciximab

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10
Q

What is abciximab used for and how is it taken?

A

Taken as an IV injection to prevent thrombosis

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11
Q

what is the half life of clopidogrel & ticagrelor?

A

6 hours

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12
Q

What are the adverse effects of ADP INHIBITORS?

A

bleeding & diarrhea

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13
Q

what drug decreases the efficacy of clopidogrel?

A

omeprazole

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14
Q

What are the first line drugs for acute coronary syndrome?

A

Aspirin & ticagrelor

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15
Q

if aspirin is contraindicated in a patient, what drug should be used in acute coronary syndrome?

A

clopidogrel

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16
Q

what are the first line drugs in a transient ischemic attack?

A

Clopidogrel and ticagrelor

17
Q

if the first line drugs were not enough in a transient ischemic attack, what drugs should be used next?

A

Aspirin and dipyridamole

18
Q

How is heparin obtained?

A

mast cells from porcine intestine or bovine lung

19
Q

what are the 2 types of heparin? and what is their antidote?

A

UFH & LMWH

Protamine sulfate

20
Q

UFH inhibits which factors? How is it taken

A

9, 10, 11, 12

IV

21
Q

what is the half life of LMWH and UFH?

A

LMWH: 4 hours
UFH: 30 mins

22
Q

APTT should be monitored while taking what drug?

A

UFH

23
Q

LMWH inhibits what factor?

A

10

24
Q

which drug is used in renal failure and high risk of bleeding?

A

UFH

25
Q

What is LMWH (enoxiparin - dalteparin) used for?

A
  • venous thromboembolism
  • prophylaxis
  • acute coronary syndrome
26
Q

What are the adverse effects of Heparin?

A
  • Bleeding
  • Heparin induced thromboembolism
  • Osteoporosis
    LESS IN LMWH
27
Q

What drug is UFH contraindicated with and why?

A

Candesartan: increases risk of hyperkalemia

28
Q

What is the half life of Warfarin?

A

36hrs

29
Q

Warfarin interferes with which coagulation factors?

A

(1972) 2 - 7 - 9 - 10

30
Q

prothrombin time and INR should be monitored while taking which drug?

A

WARFARIN

31
Q

What are the clinical uses of Warfarin?

A
  • venous thromboembolism
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Valvular heart disease
  • prosthetic valve replacement
32
Q

What are the adverse effects of warfarin?

A

bleeding
nausea
vomiting

33
Q

What drug is contraindicated with Warfarin?

A

Amiodarone: increases anticoagulation

34
Q

What are the antidotes for warfarin?

A
  • Vitamin K
  • FFP
  • Prothrombin complex concentrate
35
Q

What factors do Dabigatran & Apixaban inhibit?

A

Dabi: factor II
API: Xa

36
Q

what are the advantages of NOACS?

A
  • rapid onset
  • wide therapeutic index
  • convenient
  • lower risk of bleeding
37
Q

What are the disadvantages of NOACS?

A
  • expensive
  • rapid decrease of efficacy with missed dose
  • difficult to monitor
  • no immediate antidote

M3 Respiration & Circulation (20 decks)

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