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Pharmacology > Anti-Hypertensives > Flashcards

Anti-Hypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrocholorthiazide –other drug in class

A

chlorthalidone

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2
Q

cost of hydrocholorthiazide

A

$4-50

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3
Q

hydrocholothiazide

-pharmaceutical drug class

A

thiazide diuretics

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4
Q

hydrocholothiazide

-therapeutic drug calss

A

diuretic

anti-HTN

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5
Q

hydrocholrothiazide pharmacodynamics

A

blocks reuptake of Cl and Na from tubular fluid after glomerular filtration

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6
Q

hydrochorlrothiazide lower BP by how much?

A

10-50mm

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7
Q

hydrocholrothiazide bioavailability

A

70%

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8
Q

hydrocholrothiazide half-life

A

short/hours

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9
Q

is hydrocholrothiazide available IV?

A

no

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10
Q

hydrocholrothiazide onset

A

2h

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11
Q

hydrocholrothiazide peak

A

5h

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12
Q

hydrocholrothiazide duration

A

10h

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13
Q

hydrocholrothiazide toxicity with which drug/ what kind of drug toxicity

A

sulfa Abx

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14
Q

hydrocholrothiazide - negative effects of diuresis (4)

A

electrolytes depletion
volume depletion
worsens hyperuricemia
metabolic alkalosis

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15
Q

hydrocholrothiazide interactions

A

additive with other anti-HTN

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16
Q

which population has a lot of side effects with hydrocholrothiazide

A

geriatrics

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17
Q

hydrocholrothiazide pregnancy class

A

D

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18
Q

when is hydrocholrothiazide less effective

A

peeps with low GFR

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19
Q

Lisinopril cost

A

4-56

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20
Q

Lisniopril pharm class

A

ACE-I

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21
Q

Lisinopril therapeutic class (5)

A 
antiHTN
preserve renal fxn
preserve LV fxn after MI
acute management of MI
CHF
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22
Q

Lisinopril pharm dynamics

A

stops conversion of Angiotensin I to A II

decreases vasoconstriction and production of aldosterone

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23
Q

how well is Lisinopril absorbed

A

well

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24
Q

Lisinopril onset

A

1h

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25
Q

Lisinopril peak

A

6h

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26
Q

Lisinopril duration

A

24h

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27
Q

Lisinopril excretion

A

excreted in urine primarily unchanged

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28
Q

Lisinopril toxicity can lead to

A

orthostatic hypertension

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29
Q

Lisinopril used with caution in

A 
impaired renal fxn
renal artery stenosis
on other diuretics
aortic stenosis
cough
renal failure
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30
Q

Lisinopril interactions (3)

A

additive w/ other anti-HTN
NSAIDS may reduce ability to reduce BP
hyperkalemia

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31
Q

Lisinopril problems w/ pregnancy

A
  • abnormal cartilage

- class c/d

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32
Q

Losartan brand name

A

CoZaar

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33
Q

Losartan cost

A

4-74

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34
Q

Losartan pharm class

A

ARB

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35
Q

which receptor do ARBs act on

A

Angiotensin 1 receptor

36
Q

Losartan therapeutic class

A

antiHTN
preserve renal fxn
treat CHF

37
Q

Losartan pharm dynamics

A

blocks AT-1 receptor so reduces vasoconstriction and aldo production

38
Q

Losartan bioavailability

39
Q

Losartan onset

40
Q

relationship b/w Losartan and the liver

A

extensive first pass effect

active metabolite is 40x more active

41
Q

Losartan half life

42
Q

Losartan special considerations

A

renal artery, mitral, or aortic stenosis

patients on diuretics

43
Q

Nitroprusside pharm class

A

vasodilator

44
Q

Nitroprusside pharmacodynamics

A
  • acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause dilation of both veins and arterioles
  • metabolized to release CN and NO which activates guanylate cyclase and leads to production of cGMP from GTP
45
Q

Nitroprusside route

46
Q

Nitroprusside onset and duration

47
Q

Nitroprusside metabolized in kidney or liver? What happens after metabolism?

A

liver

Cn to turned SCN and excreted in urine

48
Q

Nitroprusside toxicity

A

accumulation of CN- and thiocyanate
head ache
decreased BF to brain

49
Q

Hydralazine brand name

A

apresoline

50
Q

Hydralazine cost

51
Q

Hydralazine pharm class

A

vasodilator

52
Q

Hydralazine pharmacodynamics

A

induces production of cGMP

53
Q

Hydralazine is metabolized where

A

GI mucosa and liver

54
Q

big toxicity issue with Hydralazine

A

drug induced lupus

55
Q

Hydralazine special considerations

A

never use as chronic monotherpahy b/c of edema and reflex tachy

56
Q

Amlodipine brand name

57
Q

Amlodipine cost

58
Q

Amlodipine pharm class

A

dihydropyridine CEB

59
Q

Amlodipine therapeutic class

A

antiHTN

anti anginal

60
Q

Amlodipine pharm dynamics

A

reduces by by inhibiting influx of Ca through slow channels, so peripheral arterioles dilate
negative inotropic effects
reduces after load
reduces O2 consumption inhibits spasm

61
Q

Amlodipine bioavailabilty

62
Q

Amlodipine duration

63
Q

Amlodipine is metabolized where?

64
Q

Amlodipine is excreted how

A

90% in urine as inactive metabolite

65
Q

amlodipine toxicity

A

AV block

aortic stenosis, CHF

66
Q

Amlodipine interactions

A

toxic effect on the heart when given with BB

67
Q

Amlodipine pregnancy class

68
Q

Clonidine other drugs in class

A

methyl dopa

69
Q

Clonidine cost

70
Q

Clonidine pharm class

A

alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist

71
Q

Clonidine therapeutic besides hTN

A

opiod withdrawl

migraine

72
Q

clonidine pharm dynamics

A

activates a2 receptors in CNS and leads to decreased sympathetic tone

73
Q

clonidine bioavailability

74
Q

clonidine onset

75
Q

clonidine duration

76
Q

is clonidine associated w/ rebound HTN

A

yes..so wean off

77
Q

trimethaphan drug class

A

ganglionic transmission blocker

78
Q

trimethaphan pharmacodynamics

A

blocks nictone transmission in all ANS ganglia so decreases sympathetic tone

79
Q

reserpine pharmcodynamics

A

binds to vesicles containign NE or serotinin and prevent their uptake/release

80
Q

diabetics 1st line anti HTN drug of choice

81
Q

Post MI anti HTN drug of choice

82
Q

CHF anti HTN drug of choice

A

ACEI or beta blocker

83
Q

Afib antiHTN drug of choice

84
Q

Pregnancy anti-HTN drug of choice

A

methyldopa and labetalol

85
Q

methyldopa drug class

A

a2 receptor agonist

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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